Test 3 · Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes

Amina says Mansa Musa was the richest man ever, innit. What do we know for sure?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Amina, Mansa, we · What happens: say, be, know · To what, where: richest man · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 of lesson 70 «Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Amina says Mansa Musa was the richest man ever, innit.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Amina	Amina	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Mansa	Mansa	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 man	nsubj
4	Musa	Musa	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Mansa	flat
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 man	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 man	det
7	richest	rich	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 man	amod
8	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	ccomp
9	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	8 man	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 innit	punct
11	innit	innit	INTJ	_	2 says	discourse
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Amina						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	past	Mansa	the richest man			ever		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What do we know for sure?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 know	obj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 know	aux
3	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 know	nsubj
4	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 sure	case
6	sure	sure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 know	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 know	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present · do-support	we					for sure	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

He was famously rich; his gold reportedly lowered its price in Cairo

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 rich	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 rich	cop
3	famously	famously	ADV	_	4 rich	advmod
4	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 lowered	punct
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 gold	nmod:poss
7	gold	gold	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lowered	nsubj
8	reportedly	reportedly	ADV	_	9 lowered	advmod
9	lowered	lower	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 rich	conj
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 price	nmod:poss
11	price	price	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lowered	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 Cairo	case
13	Cairo	Cairo	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 lowered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	He					famously, rich property	tree rules
2	lower	past	his gold	gold's price		Cairo		reportedly property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent price=Theme in cairo=Destination

Option 2

Nobody has ever heard of him outside Mali, so we know nothing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	4 heard	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heard	aux
3	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	4 heard	advmod
4	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 him	case
6	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 heard	obl
7	outside	outside	ADP	_	8 Mali	case
8	Mali	Mali	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 heard	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 know	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 know	advmod
11	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 know	nsubj
12	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 heard	parataxis
13	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	12 know	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	present · perfect	Nobody				ever	of him = he; outside Mali	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of he=Stimulus
2	know	present	we	nothing					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

He was actually poor and borrowed all his gold from Egypt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 poor	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 poor	cop
3	actually	actually	ADV	_	4 poor	advmod
4	poor	poor	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 borrowed	cc
6	borrowed	borrow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 poor	conj
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 gold	det:predet
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 gold	nmod:poss
9	gold	gold	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 borrowed	obj
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 Egypt	case
11	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 borrowed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	He					actually, poor property	tree rules
2	borrow	past	He not said here	his gold		Egypt			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent gold=Theme from egypt=Source

Option 4

He lived in 2020 and his money is in a bank

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lived	nsubj
2	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 2020	case
4	2020	2020	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 lived	obl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 bank	cc
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 money	nmod:poss
7	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 bank	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 bank	cop
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 bank	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 bank	det
11	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lived	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	past	He			2020			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 2020=Location
2	is	present	his money			a bank			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/t3/