Test 1 · What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religion… Luca leans over the fence: "Nah nonna, Italians always had tomatoes, that's just facts." ("Nonna" means grandma in Italian.) What does nonna know?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Luca, that, Nonna · What happens: lean, have, be, mean, know · To what, where: fence, tomatoes, facts, grandma
This is test 1 of lesson 71 «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Luca leans over the fence: "Nah nonna, Italians always had tomatoes, that's just facts."
nsubj case det obl punct punct discourse parataxis punct nmod advmod advcl obj punct nsubj cop advmod conj punct punct root Luca PROPN leans VERB over ADP the DET fence NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT Nah INTJ nonna NOUN , PUNCT Italians PROPN always ADV had VERB tomatoes NOUN , PUNCT that PRON 's AUX just ADV facts NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Luca Luca PROPN Number=Sing 2 leans nsubj 2 leans lean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 over over ADP _ 5 fence case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 fence det 5 fence fence NOUN Number=Sing 2 leans obl 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 nonna punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 9 nonna punct 8 Nah nah INTJ _ 9 nonna discourse 9 nonna nonna NOUN Number=Sing 2 leans parataxis 10 , , PUNCT _ 11 Italians punct 11 Italians Italian PROPN Number=Plur 9 nonna nmod 12 always always ADV PronType=Tot 13 had advmod 13 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 Italians advcl 14 tomatoes tomato NOUN Number=Plur 13 had obj 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 facts punct 16 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 19 facts nsubj 17 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 facts cop 18 just just ADV _ 19 facts advmod 19 facts fact NOUN Number=Plur 9 nonna conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 2 leans punct 21 " " PUNCT _ 2 leans punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lean present Luca the fence tree rules 2 have in a quote past Luca not said here tomatoes always property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tomato=Patient 3 is a in a quote present that facts tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Nonna" means grandma in Italian.)
punct punct nsubj punct obj case nmod punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Nonna PROPN " PUNCT means VERB grandma NOUN in ADP Italian PROPN . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Nonna punct 3 Nonna Nonna PROPN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Nonna punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obj 7 in in ADP _ 8 Italian case 8 Italian Italian PROPN Number=Sing 6 grandma nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 10 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Nonna grandma in Italian vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot grandma=Theme in italian=Attribute
Sentence 3: What does nonna know?
obj aux dep punct root What PRON does AUX nonna X know VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 know obj 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 know aux 3 nonna nonna X Foreign=Yes 4 know dep 4 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 know present · do-support vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus
The options Option 1 Tomatoes were invented in a laboratory in Naples in 1950
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl case nmod case obl root Tomatoes NOUN were AUX invented VERB in ADP a DET laboratory NOUN in ADP Naples PROPN in ADP 1950 NUM The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tomatoes tomato NOUN Number=Plur 3 invented nsubj:pass 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 invented aux:pass 3 invented invent VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 laboratory case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 laboratory det 6 laboratory laboratory NOUN Number=Sing 3 invented obl 7 in in ADP _ 8 Naples case 8 Naples Naples PROPN Number=Plur 6 laboratory nmod 9 in in ADP _ 10 1950 case 10 1950 1950 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 3 invented obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 invent past · passive Tomatoes a laboratory in Naples in 1950 vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
Option 2 Tomatoes came to Italy from China, brought back by Marco Polo in 1295
nsubj case obl case obl punct conj advmod case compound obl case obl root Tomatoes NOUN came VERB to ADP Italy PROPN from ADP China PROPN , PUNCT brought VERB back ADV by ADP Marco PROPN Polo PROPN in ADP 1295 NUM The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tomatoes tomato NOUN Number=Plur 2 came nsubj 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 Italy case 4 Italy Italy PROPN Number=Sing 2 came obl 5 from from ADP _ 6 China case 6 China China PROPN Number=Sing 2 came obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 brought punct 8 brought bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 came conj 9 back back ADV _ 8 brought advmod 10 by by ADP _ 12 Polo case 11 Marco Marco PROPN Number=Sing 12 Polo compound 12 Polo Polo PROPN Number=Sing 8 brought obl 13 in in ADP _ 14 1295 case 14 1295 1295 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 brought obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Tomatoes Italy China vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to italy=Initial_Location from china=Destination 2 bring back past Tomatoes not said here 1295 by Marco Polo vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Tomatoes came from the Americas and reached Italy only in the 1500s
nsubj case det obl cc conj obj advmod case det obl root Tomatoes NOUN came VERB from ADP the DET Americas PROPN and CCONJ reached VERB Italy PROPN only ADV in ADP the DET 1500s NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tomatoes tomato NOUN Number=Plur 2 came nsubj 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 from from ADP _ 5 Americas case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 Americas det 5 Americas AMERICAS PROPN Number=Plur 2 came obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 reached cc 7 reached reach VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 came conj 8 Italy Italy PROPN Number=Sing 7 reached obj 9 only only ADV _ 12 1500s advmod 10 in in ADP _ 12 1500s case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 1500s det 12 1500s 1500 NOUN Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card 7 reached obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Tomatoes the Americas vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from americas=Initial_Location 2 reach past Tomatoes not said here Italy the 1500s vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent italy=Theme
Option 4 Luca is right: the Romans already ate tomato pizza every day
nsubj cop punct det nsubj advmod conj compound obj det obl:unmarked root Luca PROPN is AUX right ADJ : PUNCT the DET Romans PROPN already ADV ate VERB tomato NOUN pizza NOUN every DET day NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Luca Luca PROPN Number=Sing 3 right nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 right cop 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 8 ate punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 Romans det 6 Romans Roman PROPN Number=Plur 8 ate nsubj 7 already already ADV _ 8 ate advmod 8 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 right conj 9 tomato tomato NOUN Number=Sing 10 pizza compound 10 pizza pizza NOUN Number=Sing 8 ate obj 11 every every DET PronType=Tot 12 day det 12 day day NOUN Number=Sing 8 ate obl:unmarked
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Luca right property tree rules 2 eat past the Romans tomato pizza day vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pizza=Patient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
← previous Trade: why people swap, and the great…, exam 4next → What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor…, test 2↑ back to What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/t1/