Test 1 · Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and o…
Tariq: "Tokyo's the biggest city, easy." His cousin: "Nah bhai, Dhaka!" ("Bhai" means brother.) His mate from Jakarta: "No way, Jakarta!" Who's right?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Tariq, Bhai · What happens: be, mean · To what, where: biggest city, brother
This is test 1 of lesson 74 «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Tariq: "Tokyo's the biggest city, easy."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tariq | Tariq | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 city | nsubj |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 city | punct |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 city | punct |
| 4 | Tokyo | Tokyo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 city | nsubj |
| 5 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 city | cop |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 city | det |
| 7 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 city | amod |
| 8 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 easy | punct |
| 10 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 city | conj |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 city | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 city | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | Tariq | the biggest city | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be in a quote | Tariq not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: His cousin: "Nah bhai, Dhaka!"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 cousin | nmod:poss |
| 2 | cousin | cousin | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 2 cousin | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Dhaka | punct |
| 5 | Nah | nah | INTJ | _ | 8 Dhaka | discourse |
| 6 | bhai | bhai | X | Foreign=Yes | 8 Dhaka | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Dhaka | punct |
| 8 | Dhaka | Dhaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 cousin | appos |
| 9 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 8 Dhaka | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Dhaka | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 3: ("Bhai" means brother.)
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| 2 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Bhai | punct |
| 3 | Bhai | Bhai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 means | nsubj |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Bhai | punct |
| 5 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 means | obj |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| 8 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Bhai | brother | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Topic |
Sentence 4: His mate from Jakarta: "No way, Jakarta!"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 mate | nmod:poss |
| 2 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 Jakarta | case |
| 4 | Jakarta | Jakarta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 mate | nmod |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 way | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 way | punct |
| 7 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 8 way | det |
| 8 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 mate | appos |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Jakarta | punct |
| 10 | Jakarta | Jakarta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 way | appos |
| 11 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 10 Jakarta | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 way | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 5: Who's right?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 right | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | cop |
| 3 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 right | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | right property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Only the cousin; Dhaka is twice as big as Tokyo
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 3 cousin | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 cousin | det |
| 3 | cousin | cousin | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 big | punct |
| 5 | Dhaka | Dhaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 big | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 big | cop |
| 7 | twice | twice | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 9 big | advmod |
| 8 | as | as | ADV | _ | 9 big | advmod |
| 9 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cousin | amod |
| 10 | as | as | ADP | _ | 11 Tokyo | case |
| 11 | Tokyo | Tokyo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 big | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Dhaka | as Tokyo; big, twice property | tree rules |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
It depends on the counting rules; a 2025 UN report put Jakarta first
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 depends | nsubj |
| 2 | depends | depend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 rules | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 rules | det |
| 5 | counting | counting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 rules | compound |
| 6 | rules | rule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 depends | obl |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 put | punct |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 report | det |
| 9 | 2025 | 2025 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 report | nummod |
| 10 | UN | UN | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 report | compound |
| 11 | report | report | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 put | nsubj |
| 12 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 depends | parataxis |
| 13 | Jakarta | Jakarta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 put | obj |
| 14 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 12 put | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | depend | present | It | on the counting rules | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on rule=Theme | ||||
| 2 | put | past | a 2025 UN report | Jakarta | first property | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent jakarta=Goal |
Option 3
None of them; London is still the biggest
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | None | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 9 biggest | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 them | case |
| 3 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 None | nmod |
| 4 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 5 London | punct |
| 5 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 None | appos |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 biggest | cop |
| 7 | still | still | ADV | _ | 9 biggest | advmod |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 biggest | det |
| 9 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | None | still | big property | tree rules |
Option 4
Only Tariq: Tokyo is the biggest by every way of counting, easy
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Only | only | ADV | _ | 2 Tariq | advmod |
| 2 | Tariq | Tariq | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 biggest | nsubj |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 biggest | punct |
| 4 | Tokyo | Tokyo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 biggest | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 biggest | cop |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 biggest | det |
| 7 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | root | root |
| 8 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 way | case |
| 9 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 way | det |
| 10 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 biggest | obl |
| 11 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 12 counting | mark |
| 12 | counting | count | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 way | acl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 easy | punct |
| 14 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 biggest | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Tariq | by every way; big property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | count | gerund | every way not said here | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | be | Tariq not said here | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/t1/