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Test 4 · Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and o…

Ade from Lagos: "Lagos dey grow sharp sharp, e be like say e no go stop o!" ("Sharp sharp" means very fast, in Nigerian Pidgin.) What does this show?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ade, e, Sharp sharp, this · What happens: grow, be, say, go, stop, mean · To what, where: o, Nigerian · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 of lesson 74 «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ade from Lagos: "Lagos dey grow sharp sharp, e be like say e no go stop o!"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ade	ade	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 grow	nsubj
2	from	from	ADP	_	3 Lagos	case
3	Lagos	Lagos	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Ade	nmod
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 grow	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 grow	punct
6	Lagos	Lagos	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 dey	compound
7	dey	dey	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 grow	nsubj
8	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 grow	xcomp
10	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 e	amod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 sharp	punct
12	e	e	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 sharp	conj
13	be	be	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 e	conj
14	like	like	SCONJ	_	15 say	mark
15	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 be	ccomp
16	e	email	NOUN	Number=Sing Typo=Yes	18 go	nsubj
17	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	16 e	obj
18	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 say	ccomp
19	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 go	xcomp
20	o	o	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 stop	obj
21	!	!	PUNCT	_	18 go	punct
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 go	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow in a quote	present	Ade from Lagos					sharp property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	be in a quote	infinitive	Ade from Lagos not said here						tree rules
3	say speech: express in a quote	present	Ade from Lagos not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	go in a quote	present	e						vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	stop in a quote	infinitive	e not said here	o					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality o=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("Sharp sharp" means very fast, in Nigerian Pidgin.)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	6 means	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 sharp	punct
3	Sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 sharp	amod
4	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 means	nsubj
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 sharp	punct
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 fast	advmod
8	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 means	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 Nigerian	punct
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 Nigerian	case
11	Nigerian	Nigerian	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 means	obj
12	Pidgin	Pidgin	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Nigerian	flat
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 means	punct
14	)	)	PUNCT	_	6 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Sharp sharp	Nigerian				fast property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nigerian=Topic

Sentence 3: What does this show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 show	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 show	aux
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	this						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Big cities are only in rich countries

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 cities	amod
2	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 countries	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 countries	cop
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 countries	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 countries	case
6	rich	rich	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 countries	amod
7	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Big cities			rich countries			tree rules

Option 2

Lagos stopped growing in 1900

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lagos	Lagos	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 stopped	nsubj
2	stopped	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 stopped	xcomp
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 1900	case
5	1900	1900	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 growing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	past	Lagos						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	grow	gerund	Lagos not said here			1900			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1900=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Some of the fastest growing cities are in Africa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	9 Africa	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	6 cities	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cities	det
4	fastest	fast	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 cities	amod
5	growing	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 cities	amod
6	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Some	nmod
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 Africa	cop
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Africa	case
9	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	gerund							vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	Some			Africa			tree rules

Option 4

Lagos is getting smaller

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lagos	Lagos	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 getting	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 getting	aux
3	getting	get	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 getting	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	present · progressive	Lagos					small property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/t4/