Test 1 · ★ · Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news Ali: "Our numbers came from India via the Arabs." His mate from Florence: "Fun fact, Florence literally banned 'em!" Who's right?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ali, mate · What happens: come, ban, be · To what, where: India, Fun fact
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 75 «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Ali: "Our numbers came from India via the Arabs."
nsubj punct punct nmod:poss nsubj case obl case det obl punct punct root Ali PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT Our PRON numbers NOUN came VERB from ADP India PROPN via ADP the DET Arabs PROPN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ali Ali PROPN Number=Sing 6 came nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 6 came punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 6 came punct 4 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 numbers nmod:poss 5 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 6 came nsubj 6 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 from from ADP _ 8 India case 8 India India PROPN Number=Sing 6 came obl 9 via via ADP _ 11 Arabs case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Arabs det 11 Arabs Arab PROPN Number=Plur 6 came obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 came punct 13 " " PUNCT _ 6 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come in a quote past Ali India via the Arabs vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from india=Initial_Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: His mate from Florence: "Fun fact, Florence literally banned 'em!"
nmod:poss nsubj:outer case nmod punct punct amod obl punct nsubj advmod obj punct punct root His PRON mate NOUN from ADP Florence PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT Fun ADJ fact NOUN , PUNCT Florence PROPN literally ADV banned VERB 'em PRON ! PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 mate nmod:poss 2 mate mate NOUN Number=Sing 12 banned nsubj:outer 3 from from ADP _ 4 Florence case 4 Florence Florence PROPN Number=Sing 2 mate nmod 5 : : PUNCT _ 8 fact punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 8 fact punct 7 Fun fun ADJ Degree=Pos 8 fact amod 8 fact fact NOUN Number=Sing 12 banned obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 fact punct 10 Florence Florence PROPN Number=Sing 12 banned nsubj 11 literally literally ADV _ 12 banned advmod 12 banned ban VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 13 'em they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 banned obj 14 ! ! PUNCT _ 12 banned punct 15 " " PUNCT _ 12 banned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ban in a quote past India's mate from Florence Fun fact literally property vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer they=Theme
Sentence 3: Who's right?
nsubj cop punct root Who PRON 's AUX right ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 right nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 right cop 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 right punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present right property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice Only the mate; digits came from Florence and spread to India
advmod det obl punct nsubj case obl cc conj case obl root Only ADV the DET mate NOUN ; PUNCT digits NOUN came VERB from ADP Florence PROPN and CCONJ spread VERB to ADP India PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 3 mate advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 mate det 3 mate mate NOUN Number=Sing 6 came obl 4 ; ; PUNCT _ 3 mate punct 5 digits digit NOUN Number=Plur 6 came nsubj 6 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 from from ADP _ 8 Florence case 8 Florence Florence PROPN Number=Sing 6 came obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 spread cc 10 spread spread VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 came conj 11 to to ADP _ 12 India case 12 India India PROPN Number=Sing 10 spread obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past digits the mate Florence vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from florence=Initial_Location 2 spread past digits not said here India vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer Both: the digits came from India via Arabic scholars, and Florence banned them in 1299
The tree, 15 words nsubj punct det nsubj case obl case compound obl punct cc nsubj conj obj case obl root Both DET : PUNCT the DET digits NOUN came VERB from ADP India PROPN via ADP Arabic PROPN scholars NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ Florence PROPN banned VERB them PRON in ADP 1299 NUM The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Both both DET PronType=Tot 5 came nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 5 came punct 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 digits det 4 digits digit NOUN Number=Plur 5 came nsubj 5 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 from from ADP _ 7 India case 7 India India PROPN Number=Sing 5 came obl 8 via via ADP _ 10 scholars case 9 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 10 scholars compound 10 scholars scholar NOUN Number=Plur 5 came obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 banned punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 14 banned cc 13 Florence Florence PROPN Number=Sing 14 banned nsubj 14 banned ban VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 came conj 15 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 banned obj 16 in in ADP _ 17 1299 case 17 1299 1299 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 banned obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Both India via Arabic scholars vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from india=Initial_Location 2 ban past Florence digits = digit 1299 vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer they=Theme
Option 3 Neither; digits came from Rome
advmod punct nsubj case obl root Neither ADV ; PUNCT digits NOUN came VERB from ADP Rome PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Neither neither ADV _ 4 came advmod 2 ; ; PUNCT _ 1 Neither punct 3 digits digit NOUN Number=Plur 4 came nsubj 4 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 from from ADP _ 6 Rome case 6 Rome Rome PROPN Number=Sing 4 came obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past digits Rome neither property vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from rome=Initial_Location
Option 4 Only Ali; nobody ever banned digits anywhere, because they were always seen as useful
The tree, 14 words advmod obl punct nsubj advmod obj advmod punct mark nsubj aux:pass advmod conj case obl root Only ADV Ali PROPN ; PUNCT nobody PRON ever ADV banned VERB digits NOUN anywhere ADV , PUNCT because SCONJ they PRON were AUX always ADV seen VERB as ADP useful ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 2 Ali advmod 2 Ali Ali PROPN Number=Sing 6 banned obl 3 ; ; PUNCT _ 6 banned punct 4 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 6 banned nsubj 5 ever ever ADV PronType=Ind 6 banned advmod 6 banned ban VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 digits digit NOUN Number=Plur 6 banned obj 8 anywhere anywhere ADV PronType=Ind 7 digits advmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 seen punct 10 because because SCONJ _ 14 seen mark 11 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 seen nsubj 12 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 14 seen aux:pass 13 always always ADV PronType=Tot 14 seen advmod 14 seen see VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 banned conj 15 as as ADP _ 16 useful case 16 useful useful ADJ Degree=Pos 14 seen obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 ban past nobody Ali ever vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer digit=Theme 2 see past · passive digits = digit as useful; always property vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as useful=Attribute
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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