Test 11 · ★ · What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music…
Oliver, whose family is from a former empire, asks Amara, whose family is from a former colony: "Is it my fault?" Best answer?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: family, Oliver · What happens: be, ask · To what, where: former empire, Amara, former colony, fault · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 77 «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Oliver, whose family is from a former empire, asks Amara, whose family is from a former colony: "Is it my fault?"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 asks | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 empire | punct |
| 3 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 4 family | nmod:poss |
| 4 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 empire | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 empire | cop |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 empire | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 empire | det |
| 8 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 empire | amod |
| 9 | empire | empire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Oliver | appos |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Oliver | punct |
| 11 | asks | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | Amara | Amara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 asks | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 colony | punct |
| 14 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 15 family | nmod:poss |
| 15 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 colony | nsubj |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 colony | cop |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 colony | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 colony | det |
| 19 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 colony | amod |
| 20 | colony | colony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Amara | appos |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 fault | punct |
| 22 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 fault | punct |
| 23 | Is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 fault | cop |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 fault | nsubj |
| 25 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 fault | nmod:poss |
| 26 | fault | fault | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 asks | parataxis |
| 27 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 26 fault | punct |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 fault | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a former empire's family | a former empire | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | present | Oliver | Amara | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent amara=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | is | present | a former colony's family | a former colony | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | family | my fault | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Best answer?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 2 answer | amod |
| 2 | answer | answer | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 answer | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Yes, and Amara must blame him
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 6 blame | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 blame | punct |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 blame | cc |
| 4 | Amara | Amara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 blame | nsubj |
| 5 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 blame | aux |
| 6 | blame | blame | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 blame | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | blame | must | Amara | him = he | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
Option 2
History has nothing to teach anyone
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | History | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 2 has | obj |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 teach | mark |
| 5 | teach | teach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 nothing | acl |
| 6 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 5 teach | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | History | nothing | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | ||||
| 2 | teach speech: other | to-infinitive | History not said here | nothing not said here | anyone | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent anyone=Recipient |
Option 3
Yes, it is entirely his fault
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 7 fault | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 fault | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 fault | cop |
| 5 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 7 fault | advmod |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 fault | nmod:poss |
| 7 | fault | fault | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | it | his fault | entirely property | tree rules |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
No; history helps us understand and treat each other fairly now
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 3 history | discourse |
| 2 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 helps | nsubj |
| 4 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 helps | obj |
| 6 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 helps | xcomp |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 treat | cc |
| 8 | treat | treat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 understand | conj |
| 9 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 8 treat | obj |
| 10 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 each | fixed |
| 11 | fairly | fairly | ADV | _ | 8 treat | advmod |
| 12 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 treat | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | present | history | us | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | understand | infinitive | us not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | treat | infinitive | us not said here | each | now | fairly property | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent each=Recipient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/t11/