Exam question 2 · Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poo…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the low average life expectancy recorded in the year nineteen hundred?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: low average life expectancy · What happens: follow, characteris, record · To what, where: low average life expectancy, nineteen hundred

This is exam question 2 of lesson 78 «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 expectancy	det
10	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 expectancy	amod
11	average	average	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 expectancy	amod
12	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 expectancy	compound
13	expectancy	expectancy	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
14	recorded	record	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 expectancy	acl
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 year	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 year	det
17	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 recorded	obl
18	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	19 hundred	compound
19	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 recorded	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the low average life expectancy		of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	record	participle	the low average life expectancy not said here	nineteen hundred	year		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It was a clerical error of the census

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 error	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 error	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 error	det
4	clerical	clerical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 error	amod
5	error	error	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 census	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 census	det
8	census	census	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 error	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	It	a clerical error				of the census	tree rules

Option 2

It resulted from all adults perishing at precisely thirty-two years of age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 resulted	nsubj
2	resulted	result	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 adults	case
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 adults	det
5	adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 resulted	obl
6	perishing	perish	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 adults	acl
7	at	at	ADP	_	12 years	case
8	precisely	precisely	ADV	_	11 two	advmod
9	thirty	thirty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 two	compound
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 thirty	punct
11	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 years	nummod
12	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 perishing	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 age	case
14	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 years	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	result	past	It					from all adults	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	perish	gerund	all adults not said here				year		vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It resulted principally from the high mortality of young children

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 resulted	nsubj
2	resulted	result	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	principally	principally	ADV	_	2 resulted	advmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	7 mortality	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 mortality	det
6	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 mortality	amod
7	mortality	mortality	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 resulted	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 children	case
9	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 children	amod
10	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 mortality	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	result	past	It			the high mortality of young children		principally property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It was higher than at present

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 higher	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 higher	cop
3	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	than	than	ADP	_	6 present	case
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 present	case
6	present	present	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 higher	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	It					than present; high property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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