Exam question 4 · Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poo…

Ascertain the principal reason for which the population of Ukraine has been difficult to determine since two thousand and twenty-two.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, population · What happens: ascertain, be, determine · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 4 of lesson 78 «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 difficult	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 population	det
8	population	population	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 difficult	nsubj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 Ukraine	case
10	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 population	nmod
11	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 difficult	aux
12	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	13 difficult	cop
13	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	acl:relcl
14	to	to	PART	_	15 determine	mark
15	determine	determine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 difficult	csubj
16	since	since	ADP	_	18 thousand	case
17	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 thousand	compound
18	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 determine	obl
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 two	cc
20	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	22 two	compound
21	-	-	PUNCT	_	20 twenty	punct
22	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 thousand	conj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	is	present · perfect	the population of Ukraine			for the principal reason; difficult property	tree rules
3	determine	to-infinitive			since two thousand		vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The absence of any previous census

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 absence	det
2	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 census	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 census	det
5	previous	previous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 census	amod
6	census	census	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 absence	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absent			any previous census					nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Warfare, the departure of refugees and a reduction in births

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warfare	warfare	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 departure	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 departure	det
4	departure	departure	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Warfare	appos
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 refugees	case
6	refugees	refugee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 departure	nmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 reduction	cc
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 reduction	det
9	reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Warfare	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 births	case
11	births	birth	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 reduction	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	depart		refugees						nom departure «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

A refusal by all citizens to be enumerated

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 refusal	det
2	refusal	refusal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	5 citizens	case
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 citizens	det
5	citizens	citizen	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 refusal	nmod
6	to	to	PART	_	8 enumerated	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	8 enumerated	aux:pass
8	enumerated	enumerate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 refusal	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enumerate	to-infinitive · passive							tree rules
2	refuse		all citizens						nom refusal «communication transitive»: by=agent

Option 4

The population has in fact been determined with complete precision

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 population	det
2	population	population	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 determined	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 determined	aux
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 fact	case
5	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 determined	obl
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 determined	aux:pass
7	determined	determine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 precision	case
9	complete	complete	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 precision	amod
10	precision	precision	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 determined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	determine	present · perfect · passive		the population		fact		with complete precision	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/e4/