Test 12 · Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poo… Kai: "How many people are there in Ukraine?" His dad: "Hard to say since the war." Why can't anyone just look it up?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Kai, anyone · What happens: be, say, not look up · To what, where: Ukraine, war · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 12 of lesson 78 «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Kai: "How many people are there in Ukraine?"
nsubj punct punct advmod amod nsubj cop case obl punct punct root Kai PROPN : PUNCT " PUNCT How ADV many ADJ people NOUN are AUX there ADV in ADP Ukraine PROPN ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kai Kai PROPN Number=Sing 8 there nsubj 2 : : PUNCT _ 8 there punct 3 " " PUNCT _ 8 there punct 4 How how ADV PronType=Int 5 many advmod 5 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 6 people amod 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 there nsubj 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 there cop 8 there there ADV PronType=Dem root root 9 in in ADP _ 10 Ukraine case 10 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN Number=Sing 8 there obl 11 ? ? PUNCT _ 8 there punct 12 " " PUNCT _ 8 there punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present Kai Ukraine there property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: His dad: "Hard to say since the war."
nmod:poss nsubj punct punct mark csubj case det obl punct punct root His PRON dad NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT Hard ADJ to PART say VERB since ADP the DET war NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 dad nmod:poss 2 dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 5 Hard nsubj 3 : : PUNCT _ 5 Hard punct 4 " " PUNCT _ 5 Hard punct 5 Hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 to to PART _ 7 say mark 7 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 Hard csubj 8 since since ADP _ 10 war case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 war det 10 war war NOUN Number=Sing 7 say obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 Hard punct 12 " " PUNCT _ 5 Hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert in a quote to-infinitive since the war vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: Why can't anyone just look it up?
advmod aux advmod nsubj advmod obj compound:prt punct root Why ADV ca AUX n't PART anyone PRON just ADV look VERB it PRON up ADP ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Why why ADV PronType=Int 6 look advmod 2 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 look aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 6 look advmod 4 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 look nsubj 5 just just ADV _ 6 look advmod 6 look look VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 look obj 8 up up ADP _ 6 look compound:prt 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not look up can anyone war vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Attribute
The options Option 1 Ukraine has never had a census of any kind, not even in Soviet times
The tree, 14 words nsubj aux advmod det obj case det nmod punct advmod advmod case compound obl:unmarked root Ukraine PROPN has AUX never ADV had VERB a DET census NOUN of ADP any DET kind NOUN , PUNCT not PART even ADV in ADP Soviet PROPN times NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 2 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 had aux 3 never never ADV PronType=Neg 4 had advmod 4 had have VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 census det 6 census census NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 7 of of ADP _ 9 kind case 8 any any DET PronType=Ind 9 kind det 9 kind kind NOUN Number=Sing 6 census nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 times punct 11 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 times advmod 12 even even ADV _ 15 times advmod 13 in in ADP _ 15 times case 14 Soviet Soviet PROPN Number=Sing 15 times compound 15 times time NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obl:unmarked
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not have present · perfect Ukraine a census of any kind time vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent census=Patient 2 census any kind nom census «act transitive»: of=patient
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer War, refugees and fewer births mean estimates differ by millions
nsubj punct conj cc amod conj nsubj ccomp case obl root War NOUN , PUNCT refugees NOUN and CCONJ fewer ADJ births NOUN mean VERB estimates NOUN differ VERB by ADP millions NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 War war NOUN Number=Sing 7 mean nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 refugees punct 3 refugees refugee NOUN Number=Plur 1 War conj 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 births cc 5 fewer few ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 births amod 6 births birth NOUN Number=Plur 1 War conj 7 mean mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 estimates estimate NOUN Number=Plur 9 differ nsubj 9 differ differ VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 mean ccomp 10 by by ADP _ 11 millions case 11 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 9 differ obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present War and refugees and fewer births vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 differ present estimates by millions vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Option 3 Everyone has already counted it exactly
nsubj aux advmod obj advmod root Everyone PRON has AUX already ADV counted VERB it PRON exactly ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 4 counted nsubj 2 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 counted aux 3 already already ADV _ 4 counted advmod 4 counted count VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 counted obj 6 exactly exactly ADV _ 4 counted advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 count present · perfect Everyone it exactly property vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Option 4 The number is a secret
det nsubj cop det root The DET number NOUN is AUX a DET secret NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 number det 2 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 secret nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 secret cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 secret det 5 secret secret NOUN Number=Sing root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the number a secret tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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