Test 3 · ★★★ · Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers

Why is Ashoka's change of heart so famous?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: change, heart · What happens: be, change

This is test 3 · ★★★ of lesson 8 «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Why	cop
3	Ashoka	Ashoka	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 change	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 Ashoka	case
5	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Why	nsubj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 heart	case
7	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 change	nmod
8	so	so	ADV	_	9 famous	advmod
9	famous	famous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 heart	amod
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Ashoka's change of heart					why property	tree rules
2	change		heart						nom change «event intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He won every war with no one hurt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 won	nsubj
2	won	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 war	det
4	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 won	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 one	case
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 one	det
7	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 won	obl
8	hurt	hurt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 one	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	win	past	He	every war				with no one	vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Eventuality
2	hurt	participle		no one not said here					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

He invented the number zero

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 invented	nsubj
2	invented	invent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 number	det
4	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 invented	obj
5	zero	zero	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 number	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past	He	the number					vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Result

Option 3

He was the only king in all of history who never fought any war

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 king	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 king	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 king	det
4	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 king	amod
5	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 history	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 history	det
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 history	case
9	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 king	nmod
10	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 fought	nsubj
11	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	12 fought	advmod
12	fought	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 king	acl:relcl
13	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	14 war	det
14	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fought	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	He	the only king		all history			tree rules
2	not fight	past	the only king	any war					vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Co-Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A great conqueror chose kindness after seeing suffering

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 conqueror	det
2	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 conqueror	amod
3	conqueror	conqueror	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chose	nsubj
4	chose	choose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	kindness	kindness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 chose	obj
6	after	after	SCONJ	_	7 seeing	mark
7	seeing	see	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 chose	advcl
8	suffering	suffering	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 seeing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	choose	past	a great conqueror	kindness					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kindness=Theme
2	see	gerund	a great conqueror not said here	suffering					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer suffering=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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