Exam question 2 · Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★
Select the factor which, following the Black Death, enabled surviving labourers to demand higher wages.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: select, follow, enable, survive, demand · To what, where: factor, Black Death, labourers, higher wages
This is exam question 2 of lesson 86 «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Select | select | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 factor | det |
| 3 | factor | factor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Select | obj |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 factor | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 following | punct |
| 6 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 1 Select | advcl |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Death | det |
| 8 | Black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Death | amod |
| 9 | Death | Death | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 following | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 enabled | punct |
| 11 | enabled | enable | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Select | conj |
| 12 | surviving | survive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 enabled | xcomp |
| 13 | labourers | labourer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 surviving | obj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 demand | mark |
| 15 | demand | demand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 surviving | advcl |
| 16 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 17 wages | amod |
| 17 | wages | wage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 demand | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Select | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | select | imperative | you not said here | the factor | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent factor=Theme | ||||
| 2 | follow | gerund | you not said here | the Black Death | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent death=Theme | ||||
| 3 | enable | past | you not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | survive | gerund | you not said here | labourers | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme labourer=Circumstance | ||||
| 5 | demand speech: request | to-infinitive | you not said here | higher wages | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wage=Precondition |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
New royal laws on pay
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 laws | amod |
| 2 | royal | royal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 laws | amod |
| 3 | laws | law | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 pay | case |
| 5 | pay | pay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 laws | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
A great surplus of gold
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 surplus | det |
| 2 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 surplus | amod |
| 3 | surplus | surplus | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 gold | case |
| 5 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 surplus | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
Unusually good harvests
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Unusually | unusually | ADV | _ | 2 good | advmod |
| 2 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 harvests | amod |
| 3 | harvests | harvest | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
A shortage of workers
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 shortage | det |
| 2 | shortage | shortage | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 workers | case |
| 4 | workers | worker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 shortage | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/e2/