Test 7 · ★★★ · Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★
★★★ Grandpa Earl: «Back in my day... well, my grandad's day, every town kept its own time, and the trains changed nothing.» True?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★ ★ ★, trains · What happens: keep, change · To what, where: nothing
This is test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 86 «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: ★★★ Grandpa Earl: «Back in my day... well, my grandad's day, every town kept its own time, and the trains changed nothing.»
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ★ | ★ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ★ | compound |
| 2 | ★ | ★ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ★ | compound |
| 3 | ★ | ★ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 kept | nsubj |
| 4 | Grandpa | Grandpa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Earl | compound |
| 5 | Earl | Earl | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ★ | appos |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 day | punct |
| 7 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 8 Back | punct |
| 8 | Back | back | ADV | _ | 11 day | advmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 day | case |
| 10 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 day | nmod:poss |
| 11 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 kept | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | ... | ... | PUNCT | _ | 13 well | punct |
| 13 | well | well | INTJ | _ | 18 day | discourse |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 day | punct |
| 15 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 grandad | nmod:poss |
| 16 | grandad | grandad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 day | nmod:poss |
| 17 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 16 grandad | case |
| 18 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 day | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 town | punct |
| 20 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 town | det |
| 21 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 kept | nsubj |
| 22 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 time | nmod:poss |
| 24 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 time | amod |
| 25 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 kept | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 changed | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 changed | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 trains | det |
| 29 | trains | train | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 changed | nsubj |
| 30 | changed | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 kept | conj |
| 31 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 30 changed | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 kept | punct |
| 33 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 22 kept | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep in a quote | past | ★ ★ ★ | day; time | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | change in a quote | past | the trains | nothing | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: True?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | True | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 2 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 True | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1 · ✓ the right answer
No, railways put towns on London time
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 put | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | railways | railway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 put | nsubj |
| 4 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 put | obj |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 time | case |
| 7 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 time | compound |
| 8 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 put | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | put | past | railways | towns | time | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent town=Goal |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
Yes, every town keeps its own time still
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 keeps | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 town | det |
| 4 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 keeps | nsubj |
| 5 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 time | nmod:poss |
| 7 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 time | amod |
| 8 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 keeps | obj |
| 9 | still | still | ADV | _ | 5 keeps | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | every town | still; time | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 3
No, a law of Napoleon's made them change
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 law | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 law | det |
| 4 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 8 made | mark |
| 6 | Napoleon | Napoleon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 made | nmod:poss |
| 7 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 6 Napoleon | case |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 change | csubj |
| 9 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 made | obj |
| 10 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 law | parataxis |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | participle | them = they | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product | |||||
| 2 | change | infinitive | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 4
Yes, the change came with the internet
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 came | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 change | det |
| 4 | change | change | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 came | nsubj |
| 5 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 internet | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 internet | det |
| 8 | internet | internet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 came | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the change | with the internet | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/t7/