Test 12 · ★★★ · Olympiad: spot the anachronism ★★★
★★★ Max: «Prince Volodymyr read a printed Bible in 988, there were literally a million copies.» What's real?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Prince Volodymyr, million copies · What happens: read, print, be · To what, where: printed Bible, 988
This is test 12 · ★★★ of lesson 87 «Olympiad: spot the anachronism ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: ★★★ Max: «Prince Volodymyr read a printed Bible in 988, there were literally a million copies.»
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ★ | ★ | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ★ | compound |
| 2 | ★ | ★ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ★ | compound |
| 3 | ★ | ★ | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | Max | Max | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ★ | appos |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 read | punct |
| 6 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 9 read | punct |
| 7 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Volodymyr | compound |
| 8 | Volodymyr | Volodymyr | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 read | nsubj |
| 9 | read | read | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ★ | parataxis |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 Bible | det |
| 11 | printed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 Bible | amod | |
| 12 | Bible | Bible | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 read | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 988 | case |
| 14 | 988 | 988 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 read | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 were | punct |
| 16 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 17 were | expl |
| 17 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 read | conj |
| 18 | literally | literally | ADV | _ | 20 million | advmod |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 million | det |
| 20 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 copies | nummod |
| 21 | copies | copy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 were | nsubj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ★ | punct |
| 23 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 3 ★ | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | read in a quote | past | Prince Volodymyr | a printed Bible | 988 | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bible=Topic | |||
| 2 | print in a quote | participle | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | be in a quote | past | million copies | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What's real?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 real | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 real | cop |
| 3 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 real | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | real property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Yes, a million printed copies, he said literally
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 million | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 million | det |
| 4 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 said | obl |
| 5 | printed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 million | acl | |
| 6 | copies | copy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 printed | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 million | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | literally | literally | ADV | _ | 9 said | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | participle | copies | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | he | a million | literally property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
Option 2
Printed, yes, in Lviv, in the year 988
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Printed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root | |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Printed | punct |
| 3 | yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 1 Printed | discourse |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 Lviv | punct |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Lviv | case |
| 6 | Lviv | Lviv | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Printed | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 year | punct |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 year | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 year | det |
| 10 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Lviv | appos |
| 11 | 988 | 988 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 year | flat |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | participle | Lviv | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Books were copied by hand then; printing in Ukraine began centuries later
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 copied | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 copied | aux:pass |
| 3 | copied | copy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 hand | case |
| 5 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 copied | obl |
| 6 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 copied | advmod |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 began | punct |
| 8 | printing | printing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 began | nsubj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 Ukraine | case |
| 10 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 printing | nmod |
| 11 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 copied | conj |
| 12 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 began | obj |
| 13 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 11 began | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | copy | past · passive | hand | Books | then | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | begin | past | printing in Ukraine | century | late property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
Option 4
Printed, yes, but only about ten copies
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Printed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root | |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Printed | punct |
| 3 | yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 1 Printed | discourse |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 copies | punct |
| 5 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 copies | cc |
| 6 | only | only | ADV | _ | 8 ten | advmod |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 ten | advmod |
| 8 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 copies | nummod |
| 9 | copies | copy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Printed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | participle | ten copies | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/87-olympiad-spot-the-anachronism/t12/