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Test 7 · What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares

In a cartoon, an alien says "Take me to your leader" and every human understands instantly, in every country. What's wrong?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: alien, human · What happens: say, take, understand, be · To what, where: cartoon, alien, leader · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 of lesson 1 «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, an alien says "Take me to your leader" and every human understands instantly, in every country.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 says	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 alien	det
6	alien	alien	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 says	nsubj
7	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 Take	punct
9	Take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 says	ccomp
10	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 Take	obj
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 leader	case
12	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 leader	nmod:poss
13	leader	leader	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 Take	obl
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 Take	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 understands	cc
16	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	17 human	det
17	human	human	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 understands	nsubj
18	understands	understand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 says	conj
19	instantly	instantly	ADV	_	18 understands	advmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 country	punct
21	in	in	ADP	_	23 country	case
22	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	23 country	det
23	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 understands	conj
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a alien			a cartoon			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	take in a quote	infinitive		a alien = alien		your leader			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent i=Theme to leader=Destination
3	understand	present	every human					instantly property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Nothing, because everyone on Earth speaks English already

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 speaks	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 speaks	mark
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	7 speaks	nsubj
5	on	on	ADP	_	6 Earth	case
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 everyone	nmod
7	speaks	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Nothing	acl
8	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 speaks	obj
9	already	already	ADV	_	7 speaks	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present	everyone	English					tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

People in different places speak different languages

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 speak	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 places	case
3	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 places	amod
4	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 People	nmod
5	speak	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 languages	amod
7	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 speak	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present	People in different places	different languages					tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Humans only understand written messages

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Humans	human	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 understand	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 understand	advmod
3	understand	understand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 messages	amod
5	messages	message	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 understand	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	understand	present	Humans	written messages					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer message=Stimulus
2	write	participle							vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Aliens would speak too quietly to hear

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Aliens	alien	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 speak	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 speak	aux
3	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 quietly	advmod
5	quietly	quietly	ADV	_	3 speak	advmod
6	to	to	PART	_	7 hear	mark
7	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 speak	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	would	Aliens					quietly property	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	hear	to-infinitive	Aliens not said here						vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/t7/