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Test 7 · ★★★ · Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese

Your cousin says octopi is the "real Latin" plural. What's the catch?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cousin, octopi, catch · What happens: say, be · To what, where: Latin plural · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 10 «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your cousin says octopi is the "real Latin" plural.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	octopi	octopi	X	Foreign=Yes	11 plural	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 plural	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 plural	det
7	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 Latin	punct
8	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 Latin	amod
9	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 plural	compound
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 Latin	punct
11	plural	plural	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your cousin						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	octopi	the Latin plural					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the catch?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 catch	det
4	catch	catch	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the catch						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Octopi is the only plural in dictionaries

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Octopi	Octopi	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 plural	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 plural	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 plural	det
4	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 plural	amod
5	plural	plural	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 dictionaries	case
7	dictionaries	dictionary	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 plural	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Octopi	the only plural		dictionaries			tree rules

Option 2

The plural is octopus-es-i

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 plural	det
2	plural	plural	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 es	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 es	cop
4	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 es	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 octopus	punct
6	es	e	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 i	punct
8	i	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 es	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the plural	octopus es					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Octopus is Greek, so octopi is built on a mistake, though dictionaries accept it

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 Greek	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 Greek	cop
3	Greek	Greek	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 built	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	8 built	advmod
6	octopi	octopi	X	Foreign=Yes	8 built	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 built	aux:pass
8	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 Greek	advcl
9	on	on	ADP	_	11 mistake	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 mistake	det
11	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 built	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 accept	punct
13	though	though	SCONJ	_	15 accept	mark
14	dictionaries	dictionary	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 accept	nsubj
15	accept	accept	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 Greek	conj
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 accept	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Octopus					greek property	tree rules
2	build	present · passive		octopi		a mistake			vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on mistake=Source
3	accept	present	dictionaries	Octopus					vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4

He's right, octopus is Latin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 Latin	punct
5	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 Latin	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 Latin	cop
7	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 right	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	is a	present	octopus	Latin					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/t7/