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Test 5 · Spelling traps: their, there, they're and friends

Your nan from Cornwall, proper old-school, says "spelling's just being born good at it, my lover." ("My lover" is a friendly greeting there.) What's true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: nan, lover · What happens: say, bear, be · To what, where: spelling, friendly greeting · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 of lesson 12 «Spelling traps: their, there, they're and friends» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your nan from Cornwall, proper old-school, says "spelling's just being born good at it, my lover."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 nan	nmod:poss
2	nan	nan	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 says	nsubj
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 Cornwall	case
4	Cornwall	Cornwall	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 nan	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 school	punct
6	proper	proper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 school	amod
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 school	amod
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 old	punct
9	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 nan	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 nan	punct
11	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 spelling	punct
13	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 says	obj
14	's	's	PART	_	13 spelling	case
15	just	just	ADV	_	17 born	advmod
16	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 born	aux:pass
17	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 spelling	acl:relcl
18	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 born	xcomp
19	at	at	ADP	_	20 it	case
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 good	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 lover	punct
22	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 lover	nmod:poss
23	lover	lover	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 spelling	appos
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	23 lover	punct
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	23 lover	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your nan from Cornwall and proper old school	spelling					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent spelling=Topic
2	bear in a quote	gerund · passive		spelling not said here				good property	vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("My lover" is a friendly greeting there.)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	9 greeting	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 lover	punct
3	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 lover	nmod:poss
4	lover	lover	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 greeting	nsubj
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 lover	punct
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 greeting	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 greeting	det
8	friendly	friendly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 greeting	amod
9	greeting	greeting	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	9 greeting	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 greeting	punct
12	)	)	PUNCT	_	9 greeting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	My lover	a friendly greeting		there			tree rules

Sentence 3: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

She's right, nobody can learn spelling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 learn	punct
5	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	7 learn	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 learn	aux
7	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 right	conj
8	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 learn	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	She					right property	tree rules
2	learn	can	nobody	spelling					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spelling=Topic

Option 2

Spelling is just luck each time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 luck	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 luck	cop
3	just	just	ADV	_	4 luck	advmod
4	luck	luck	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	6 time	det
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 luck	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Spelling	luck			time		tree rules

Option 3

Only grown-ups can learn spelling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 ups	advmod
2	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 ups	amod
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 grown	punct
4	ups	up	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 learn	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 learn	aux
6	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 learn	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	participle							vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	learn	can	grown ups	spelling					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spelling=Topic

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Tricks and patterns help anyone learn hard spellings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tricks	trick	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 help	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 patterns	cc
3	patterns	pattern	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Tricks	conj
4	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 help	obj
6	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 help	xcomp
7	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 spellings	amod
8	spellings	spelling	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 learn	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	Tricks and patterns	anyone					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent anyone=Beneficiary clause=Theme
2	learn	infinitive	anyone not said here	hard spellings					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spelling=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/12-spelling-traps-their-there-theyre/t5/