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Test 5 · ★ · Punctuation that changes meaning

Your little brother writes "Help me, Tom!" and "Help me Tom!" in two stories. In which one is he talking to Tom?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: little brother, brother · What happens: write, help, talk · To what, where: two stories, me, Tom · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 14 «Punctuation that changes meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your little brother writes "Help me, Tom!" and "Help me Tom!" in two stories.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 brother	nmod:poss
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 brother	amod
3	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 writes	nsubj
4	writes	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 Help	punct
6	Help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 writes	ccomp
7	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 Help	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 Tom	punct
9	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Help	obj
10	!	!	PUNCT	_	9 Tom	punct
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 Help	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 Help	cc
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	14 Help	punct
14	Help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 Help	conj
15	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 Help	obj
16	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Help	obj
17	!	!	PUNCT	_	6 Help	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 Help	punct
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 stories	case
20	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	21 stories	nummod
21	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 writes	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 writes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	present	Your little brother			two stories			vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	help in a quote	infinitive	Your little brother not said here	me					tree rules
3	help in a quote	infinitive	Your little brother not said here	me					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: In which one is he talking to Tom?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 one	case
2	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	3 one	det
3	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 talking	obl
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 talking	aux
5	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 talking	nsubj
6	talking	talk	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 Tom	case
8	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 talking	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 talking	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	talk	present · progressive	brother		Tom			in which one	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to tom=Co-Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Neither

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	ADV	_	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Help me Tom!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Help	help	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	1 Help	obj
3	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Help	obj
4	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	imperative	you not said here	me					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Help me, Tom!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Help	help	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	1 Help	obj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 Tom	punct
4	Tom	Tom	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Help	vocative
5	!	!	PUNCT	_	1 Help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	imperative	you not said here		me			Tom vocative	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary

Option 4

Both equally

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	CCONJ	_	2 equally	cc:preconj
2	equally	equally	ADV	_	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/14-punctuation-that-changes-meaning/t5/