Exam question 4 · Accents and dialects around the world

Ascertain the meaning of the Indian English verb "prepone".

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, mean · To what, where: meaning, Indian English verb

This is exam question 4 of lesson 19 «Accents and dialects around the world» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 meaning	det
3	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	8 verb	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 verb	det
6	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 verb	amod
7	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 verb	compound
8	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 meaning	nmod
9	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 prepone	punct
10	prepone	prepone	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 verb	appos
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	10 prepone	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the meaning of the Indian English verb					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Topic
2	mean			the Indian English verb					nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

To bring forward to an earlier time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 bring	mark
2	bring	bring	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	forward	forward	ADV	_	2 bring	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	7 time	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 time	det
6	earlier	early	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 time	amod
7	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bring	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bring forward	to-infinitive					time	forward property	vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent

Option 2

To defer to a later time, day or date

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 defer	mark
2	defer	defer	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	ADP	_	6 time	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 time	det
5	later	late	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 time	amod
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 defer	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 day	punct
8	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 time	conj
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 date	cc
10	date	date	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 time	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	defer	to-infinitive					time		vn acquiesce-95.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

To cancel altogether

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 cancel	mark
2	cancel	cancel	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	altogether	altogether	ADV	_	2 cancel	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cancel	to-infinitive						altogether property	tree rules

Option 4

To repeat on a later date

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 repeat	mark
2	repeat	repeat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	6 date	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 date	det
5	later	late	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 date	amod
6	date	date	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 repeat	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repeat	to-infinitive				a later date			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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