Exam question 3 · Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukra…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the word "ketchup".

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, word

This is exam question 3 of lesson 24 «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 word	det
11	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 ketchup	punct
13	ketchup	ketchup	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 word	appos
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 ketchup	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the word		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus word=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It is likely, though disputed, that it derives from a Hokkien term for a fish sauce

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 likely	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 likely	cop
3	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 disputed	punct
5	though	though	SCONJ	_	6 disputed	mark
6	disputed	dispute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 likely	xcomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 derives	punct
8	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 derives	mark
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 derives	nsubj
10	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 disputed	conj
11	from	from	ADP	_	14 term	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 term	det
13	Hokkien	Hokkien	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 term	compound
14	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 derives	obl
15	for	for	ADP	_	18 sauce	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 sauce	det
17	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 sauce	compound
18	sauce	sauce	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 term	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		likely property	tree rules
2	dispute	participle				vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	derive	present	it	a Hokkien term for a fish sauce		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from term=Material

Option 2

It was invented in the twentieth century

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 invented	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 invented	aux:pass
3	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	7 century	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 century	det
6	twentieth	twentieth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 century	amod
7	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive		It			century		vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 3

It is proven beyond doubt to be of French origin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 proven	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 proven	aux:pass
3	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	5 doubt	case
5	doubt	doubt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 proven	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	10 origin	mark
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 origin	cop
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 origin	case
9	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 origin	amod
10	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 proven	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present · passive		It				beyond doubt	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	is	to-infinitive						of French origin	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

It has always denoted a tomato sauce

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 denoted	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 denoted	aux
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 denoted	advmod
4	denoted	denote	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 sauce	det
6	tomato	tomato	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sauce	compound
7	sauce	sauce	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 denoted	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present · perfect · passive		It				always property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/e3/