Exam question 3 · Texting, abbreviations and emoji

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the effect of text abbreviations upon children's spelling.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, children · What happens: select, establish, concern, effect, spell · To what, where: response, effect, text abbreviations

This is exam question 3 of lesson 30 «Texting, abbreviations and emoji» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 effect	det
11	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 abbreviations	case
13	text	text	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 abbreviations	compound
14	abbreviations	abbreviation	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 effect	nmod
15	upon	upon	ADP	_	18 spelling	case
16	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 spelling	nmod:poss
17	's	's	PART	_	16 children	case
18	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the effect of text abbreviations	upon children's spelling	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus effect=Experiencer
4	effect			text abbreviations		nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
5	spell		children			nom spelling «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is conclusively proven that spelling is destroyed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 proven	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 proven	aux:pass
3	conclusively	conclusively	ADV	_	4 proven	advmod
4	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 destroyed	mark
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 destroyed	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 destroyed	aux:pass
8	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 proven	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present · passive		It				conclusively property	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme
2	destroy	present · passive		spelling					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Certain studies found no detriment, though the matter remains disputed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 studies	amod
2	studies	study	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 found	nsubj
3	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 detriment	det
5	detriment	detriment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 found	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 remains	punct
7	though	though	SCONJ	_	10 remains	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 matter	det
9	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 remains	nsubj
10	remains	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 found	parataxis
11	disputed	dispute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 remains	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	find	past	Certain studies	no detriment	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detriment=Topic
2	remain	present	the matter		tree rules
3	dispute	participle	the matter not said here		vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is conclusively proven that spelling is perfected

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 proven	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 proven	aux:pass
3	conclusively	conclusively	ADV	_	4 proven	advmod
4	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 perfected	mark
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 perfected	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 perfected	aux:pass
8	perfected	perfect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 proven	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present · passive		It				conclusively property	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	perfect	present · passive		spelling					vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Option 4

No investigation of the question has ever been undertaken

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 investigation	det
2	investigation	investigation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 undertaken	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 question	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 question	det
5	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 investigation	nmod
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 undertaken	aux
7	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	9 undertaken	advmod
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 undertaken	aux:pass
9	undertaken	undertake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undertake	present · perfect · passive		no investigation of the question			ever		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
2	investigate			the question					nom investigation «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/e3/