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Test 2 · ★ · How babies learn to talk

Grandma worries because Kai says "I goed to the park". What would you tell her?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Kai, you · What happens: say, goe, tell · To what, where: Kai · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 31 «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Grandma worries because Kai says "I goed to the park".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 worries	compound
2	worries	worry	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 says	ccomp
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	5 says	mark
4	Kai	Kai	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 says	nsubj
5	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 goed	punct
7	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 goed	nsubj
8	goed	goe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 says	ccomp
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 park	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 park	det
11	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 goed	obl
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 goed	punct
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Kai						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	goe in a quote	past	Kai					to the park	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would you tell her?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 tell	obj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 tell	nsubj
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 tell	iobj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	would	you		Kai				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He should stop talking

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 stop	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 stop	aux
3	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	talking	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 stop	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	should	He						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	talk	gerund	He not said here						vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

He has a serious problem and needs to see a doctor soon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 problem	det
4	serious	serious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 problem	amod
5	problem	problem	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 needs	cc
7	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 has	conj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 see	mark
9	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 needs	xcomp
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 doctor	det
11	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 see	obj
12	soon	soon	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 see	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	He	a serious problem					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Patient
2	need	present	He not said here						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
3	see not said to happen	to-infinitive	He not said here	a doctor				soon property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer doctor=Stimulus

Option 3

He has picked up a foreign accent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 picked	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 picked	aux
3	picked	pick	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 picked	compound:prt
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 accent	det
6	foreign	foreign	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 accent	amod
7	accent	accent	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 picked	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pick up	present · perfect · passive		He					tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It's a normal sign he's learned the past-tense rule

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 sign	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sign	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sign	det
4	normal	normal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sign	amod
5	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 learned	nsubj
7	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 learned	aux:pass
8	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 sign	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 rule	det
10	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 tense	compound
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 past	punct
12	tense	tense	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 rule	compound
13	rule	rule	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 learned	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a normal sign					tree rules
2	learn	present · passive		he					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/t2/