Exam question 3 · Mandarin compared with English

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the origin of the English expression "long time no see".

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, origin

This is exam question 3 of lesson 34 «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 origin	det
11	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 expression	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 expression	det
14	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 expression	amod
15	expression	expression	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 origin	nmod
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 see	punct
17	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 time	amod
18	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 see	compound
19	no	no	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 see	compound
20	see	see	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 expression	appos
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 see	punct
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the origin of the English expression		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus origin=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It was coined in the year 2000

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 coined	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 coined	aux:pass
3	coined	coin	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 year	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 year	det
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 coined	obl
7	2000	2000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 year	flat

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	coin	past · passive		It			year		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 2

It is proven beyond all doubt to derive solely from a Chinese greeting of the same form

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 proven	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 proven	aux:pass
3	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	6 doubt	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 doubt	det
6	doubt	doubt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 proven	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 derive	mark
8	derive	derive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 proven	advcl
9	solely	solely	ADV	_	8 derive	advmod
10	from	from	ADP	_	13 greeting	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 greeting	det
12	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 greeting	amod
13	greeting	greeting	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 derive	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	17 form	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 form	det
16	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 form	amod
17	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 greeting	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	prove	present · passive	It		beyond all doubt	vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	derive	to-infinitive		a Chinese greeting of the same form	solely property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from greeting=Material
3	greet		the same form			nom greeting «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

It is proven to derive from Latin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 proven	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 proven	aux:pass
3	proven	prove	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 derive	mark
5	derive	derive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 proven	xcomp
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 Latin	case
7	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 derive	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prove	present · passive		It					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme
2	derive	to-infinitive				Latin			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from latin=Material

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Its origin is disputed, a Chinese source being one proposal among others

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 origin	nmod:poss
2	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 disputed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 disputed	aux:pass
4	disputed	dispute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 proposal	punct
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 source	det
7	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 source	amod
8	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 proposal	nsubj
9	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 proposal	cop
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 proposal	nummod
11	proposal	proposal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 disputed	obl
12	among	among	ADP	_	13 others	case
13	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 disputed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dispute	present · passive		Its origin				among others	tree rules
2	is a	gerund	a Chinese source	one proposal					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/34-mandarin-compared-with-english/e3/