Test 3 · ★ · Mandarin compared with English Your Gen Alpha cousin says "Chinese has no past tense so they can't talk about yesterday, that's crazy, no cap." ("No cap" means honestly.) What's true?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Gen cousin, Chinese, they, that, cap · What happens: say, have, not talk, be, mean · To what, where: past tense · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 34 «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Your Gen Alpha cousin says "Chinese has no past tense so they can't talk about yesterday, that's crazy, no cap."
nmod:poss compound flat nsubj punct nsubj ccomp det amod obj advmod nsubj aux advmod advcl case obl punct nsubj cop ccomp punct det parataxis punct punct root Your PRON Gen PROPN Alpha PROPN cousin NOUN says VERB " PUNCT Chinese ADJ has VERB no DET past ADJ tense NOUN so ADV they PRON ca AUX n't PART talk VERB about ADP yesterday NOUN , PUNCT that PRON 's AUX crazy ADJ , PUNCT no DET cap NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 cousin nmod:poss 2 Gen Gen PROPN Number=Sing 4 cousin compound 3 Alpha Alpha PROPN Number=Sing 2 Gen flat 4 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing 5 says nsubj 5 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 " " PUNCT _ 8 has punct 7 Chinese Chinese ADJ Degree=Pos 8 has nsubj 8 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 says ccomp 9 no no DET PronType=Neg 11 tense det 10 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 11 tense amod 11 tense tense NOUN Number=Sing 8 has obj 12 so so ADV _ 16 talk advmod 13 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 talk nsubj 14 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 16 talk aux 15 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 16 talk advmod 16 talk talk VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 has advcl 17 about about ADP _ 18 yesterday case 18 yesterday yesterday NOUN Number=Sing 16 talk obl 19 , , PUNCT _ 22 crazy punct 20 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 22 crazy nsubj 21 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 crazy cop 22 crazy crazy ADJ Degree=Pos 5 says ccomp 23 , , PUNCT _ 25 cap punct 24 no no DET PronType=Neg 25 cap det 25 cap cap NOUN Number=Sing 22 crazy parataxis 26 . . PUNCT _ 22 crazy punct 27 " " PUNCT _ 22 crazy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Your Gen cousin vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 have in a quote present Chinese no past tense vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tense=Patient 3 not talk in a quote can they yesterday vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is in a quote present that crazy property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("No cap" means honestly.)
punct punct det nsubj punct advmod punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT No DET cap NOUN " PUNCT means VERB honestly ADV . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 6 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 4 cap punct 3 No no DET PronType=Neg 4 cap det 4 cap cap NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 cap punct 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 honestly honestly ADV _ 6 means advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct 9 ) ) PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present no cap honestly property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 3: What's true?
nsubj cop punct root What PRON 's AUX true ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 true nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 true cop 3 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present true property tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice They only talk about tomorrow
nsubj advmod case obl root They PRON only ADV talk VERB about ADP tomorrow NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 talk nsubj 2 only only ADV _ 3 talk advmod 3 talk talk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 about about ADP _ 5 tomorrow case 5 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN Number=Sing 3 talk obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk present They tomorrow vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer They show time with words like "yesterday" and particles like "了"
The tree, 11 words nsubj obj case obl case punct nmod punct cc conj case punct nmod punct root They PRON show VERB time NOUN with ADP words NOUN like ADP " PUNCT yesterday NOUN " PUNCT and CCONJ particles NOUN like ADP " PUNCT 了 NOUN " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 show nsubj 2 show show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 time time NOUN Number=Sing 2 show obj 4 with with ADP _ 5 words case 5 words word NOUN Number=Plur 2 show obl 6 like like ADP _ 8 yesterday case 7 " " PUNCT _ 8 yesterday punct 8 yesterday yesterday NOUN Number=Sing 5 words nmod 9 " " PUNCT _ 8 yesterday punct 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 particles cc 11 particles particle NOUN Number=Plur 8 yesterday conj 12 like like ADP _ 14 了 case 13 " " PUNCT _ 14 了 punct 14 了 了 NOUN Number=Sing 11 particles nmod 15 " " PUNCT _ 11 particles punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present They time with words like yesterday and particles like 了 vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Option 3 He's right, Mandarin speakers can't talk about anything that happened in the past
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop punct amod nsubj aux advmod conj case obl nsubj acl:relcl case det obl root He PRON 's AUX right ADJ , PUNCT Mandarin ADJ speakers NOUN ca AUX n't PART talk VERB about ADP anything PRON that PRON happened VERB in ADP the DET past NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 right nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 right cop 3 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 9 talk punct 5 Mandarin mandarin ADJ Degree=Pos 6 speakers amod 6 speakers speaker NOUN Number=Plur 9 talk nsubj 7 ca can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 talk aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 9 talk advmod 9 talk talk VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 right conj 10 about about ADP _ 11 anything case 11 anything anything PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 talk obl 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 happened nsubj 13 happened happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 anything acl:relcl 14 in in ADP _ 16 past case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 past det 16 past past NOUN Number=Sing 13 happened obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present He right property tree rules 2 not talk can Mandarin speakers about anything vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about anything=Topic 3 happen past the past vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in past=Location
Option 4 They use "-ed" like English
nsubj punct punct obj punct case nmod root They PRON use VERB " PUNCT - PUNCT ed NOUN " PUNCT like ADP English PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 use nsubj 2 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 " " PUNCT _ 5 ed punct 4 - - PUNCT _ 5 ed punct 5 ed ed NOUN Number=Sing 2 use obj 6 " " PUNCT _ 5 ed punct 7 like like ADP _ 8 English case 8 English English PROPN Number=Sing 5 ed nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use present They ed like English vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ed=Patient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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