Test 6 · ★ · Mandarin compared with English Your uncle from Singapore says "this market very crowded lah, people mountain people sea." ("Lah" is a little word at the end of a sentence in Singapore English.) What does he mean?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: uncle, Lah · What happens: say, be, mean · To what, where: market, little word, end · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 34 «Mandarin compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Your uncle from Singapore says "this market very crowded lah, people mountain people sea."
nmod:poss nsubj case nmod punct det obj advmod amod conj punct compound conj compound appos punct punct root Your PRON uncle NOUN from ADP Singapore PROPN says VERB " PUNCT this DET market NOUN very ADV crowded ADJ lah NOUN , PUNCT people NOUN mountain NOUN people NOUN sea NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 uncle nmod:poss 2 uncle uncle NOUN Number=Sing 5 says nsubj 3 from from ADP _ 4 Singapore case 4 Singapore Singapore PROPN Number=Sing 2 uncle nmod 5 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 " " PUNCT _ 8 market punct 7 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 8 market det 8 market market NOUN Number=Sing 5 says obj 9 very very ADV _ 10 crowded advmod 10 crowded crowded ADJ Degree=Pos 11 lah amod 11 lah lah NOUN Number=Sing 8 market conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 mountain punct 13 people people NOUN Number=Plur 14 mountain compound 14 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 8 market conj 15 people people NOUN Number=Plur 16 sea compound 16 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 14 mountain appos 17 . . PUNCT _ 8 market punct 18 " " PUNCT _ 8 market punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Your uncle from Singapore this market and crowded lah and people mountain vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent market=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Lah" is a little word at the end of a sentence in Singapore English.)
punct punct nsubj punct cop det amod case det nmod case det nmod case compound nmod punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Lah PROPN " PUNCT is AUX a DET little ADJ word NOUN at ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP a DET sentence NOUN in ADP Singapore PROPN English PROPN . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 8 word punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Lah punct 3 Lah Lah PROPN Number=Sing 8 word nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Lah punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 word cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 word det 7 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 8 word amod 8 word word NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 at at ADP _ 11 end case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 end det 11 end end NOUN Number=Sing 8 word nmod 12 of of ADP _ 14 sentence case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 sentence det 14 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 11 end nmod 15 in in ADP _ 17 English case 16 Singapore Singapore PROPN Number=Sing 17 English compound 17 English English PROPN Number=Sing 14 sentence nmod 18 . . PUNCT _ 8 word punct 19 ) ) PUNCT _ 8 word punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Lah a little word at the end of a sentence in Singapore English tree rules
Sentence 3: What does he mean?
obj aux nsubj punct root What PRON does AUX he PRON mean VERB ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 mean obj 2 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 mean nsubj 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present · do-support lah vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice It's selling fish
nsubj aux obj root It PRON 's AUX selling VERB fish NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 selling nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 selling aux 3 selling sell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 3 selling obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell present · progressive It fish vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme
Option 2 It's by the mountains and sea
nsubj cop case det cc conj root It PRON 's AUX by ADP the DET mountains NOUN and CCONJ sea NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 mountains nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 mountains cop 3 by by ADP _ 5 mountains case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 mountains det 5 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 sea cc 7 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 5 mountains conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It by the mountains and sea tree rules
Option 3 It's empty
nsubj cop root It PRON 's AUX empty ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 empty nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 empty cop 3 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It empty property tree rules
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer It's very crowded
nsubj cop advmod root It PRON 's AUX very ADV crowded ADJ The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 crowded nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 crowded cop 3 very very ADV _ 4 crowded advmod 4 crowded crowded ADJ Degree=Pos root root
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It crowded property tree rules
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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