Exam question 4 · Adjectives and adverbs: describing things and actions

In respect of the word "friendly" in the phrase "a friendly dog", which statement is consistent with the established facts?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: statement · What happens: be, establish, respect · To what, where: word

This is exam question 4 of lesson 4 «Adjectives and adverbs: describing things and actions» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 respect	case
2	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 word	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 word	det
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 respect	nmod
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 friendly	punct
7	friendly	friendly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 word	amod
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 friendly	punct
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 phrase	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 phrase	det
11	phrase	phrase	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 friendly	obl
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 dog	punct
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 dog	det
14	friendly	friendly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 dog	amod
15	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 word	conj
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 dog	punct
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 consistent	punct
18	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	19 statement	det
19	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 consistent	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 consistent	cop
21	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 dog	parataxis
22	with	with	ADP	_	25 facts	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 facts	det
24	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 facts	amod
25	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 consistent	obl
26	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 respect	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	which statement		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	respect			the word and a friendly dog		nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is a noun denoting the dog

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 noun	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 noun	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 noun	det
4	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	denoting	denote	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 noun	acl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 dog	det
7	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 denoting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a noun					tree rules
2	denote	gerund	a noun not said here	the dog					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot dog=Topic

Option 2

It is a verb describing the action of the dog

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 verb	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 verb	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 verb	det
4	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	describing	describe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 verb	acl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 action	det
7	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 describing	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 dog	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dog	det
10	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 action	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a verb	tree rules
2	describe	gerund	a verb not said here	the action of the dog	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent action=Theme
3	act		the dog		nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is an adjective, notwithstanding its termination in -ly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 adjective	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 adjective	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 adjective	det
4	adjective	adjective	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 notwithstanding	punct
6	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 adjective	acl
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 termination	nmod:poss
8	termination	termination	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 notwithstanding	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 ly	case
10	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 in	punct
11	ly	ly	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 notwithstanding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a adjective					tree rules
2	notwithstand	gerund	a adjective not said here	adjective's termination		ly			tree rules

Option 4

It is an adverb, by reason of its termination in -ly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 adverb	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 adverb	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 adverb	det
4	adverb	adverb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 reason	punct
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 reason	case
7	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 adverb	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 termination	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 termination	nmod:poss
10	termination	termination	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 reason	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 ly	case
12	-	-	PUNCT	_	11 in	punct
13	ly	ly	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 termination	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a adverb and reason of reason's termination in ly					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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