Exam question 2 · The best ever and shocking: adverts and headlines

A retail notice proclaims «UP TO 70% OFF». Select the response consistent with the established meaning of the words «up to».

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: retail notice, you · What happens: proclaim, select, establish, mean · To what, where: response, words

This is exam question 2 of lesson 47 «The best ever and shocking: adverts and headlines» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A retail notice proclaims «UP TO 70% OFF».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 notice	det
2	retail	retail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 notice	compound
3	notice	notice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 proclaims	nsubj
4	proclaims	proclaim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 UP	punct
6	UP	up	ADV	_	4 proclaims	advmod
7	TO	to	ADP	_	9 %	case
8	70	70	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 %	nummod
9	%	%	SYM	Number=Sing	6 UP	obl
10	OFF	off	ADP	_	9 %	compound:prt
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 %	punct
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 proclaims	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	proclaim	present	a retail notice						vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established meaning of the words «up to».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 meaning	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 meaning	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 meaning	amod
8	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consistent	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 words	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 words	det
11	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 meaning	nmod
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 up	punct
13	up	up	ADV	_	11 words	nmod
14	to	to	ADP	_	13 up	fixed
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 consistent	punct
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle			vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	mean			the words	nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The figure stated is the smallest reduction available

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 figure	det
2	figure	figure	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stated	nsubj
3	stated	state	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 reduction	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 reduction	det
6	smallest	small	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 reduction	amod
7	reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stated	obj
8	available	available	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 reduction	amod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	past	the figure						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present		the smallest reduction					tree rules

Option 2

The figure stated is applied uniformly to every article in the shop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 figure	det
2	figure	figure	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 applied	nsubj:pass
3	stated	state	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 figure	acl
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 applied	aux:pass
5	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	uniformly	uniformly	ADV	_	5 applied	advmod
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 article	case
8	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	9 article	det
9	article	article	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 applied	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 shop	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 shop	det
12	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 article	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	participle		the figure not said here					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	apply	present · passive		the figure				to every article in the shop; uniformly property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

The figure stated refers to the number of days remaining

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 figure	det
2	figure	figure	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 refers	nsubj
3	stated	state	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 figure	cop
4	refers	refer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 number	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 number	det
7	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 refers	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 days	case
9	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 number	nmod
10	remaining	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 days	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	past		the figure		tree rules
2	refer	present	the figure		to the number of days	vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to number=Co-Theme
3	remain	gerund	days not said here			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The figure stated is the greatest reduction, applicable to a limited number of items

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 figure	det
2	figure	figure	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 reduction	nsubj
3	stated	state	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 figure	cop
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 reduction	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 reduction	det
6	greatest	great	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 reduction	amod
7	reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 applicable	punct
9	applicable	applicable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 reduction	amod
10	to	to	ADP	_	13 number	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 number	det
12	limited	limited	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 number	amod
13	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 applicable	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 items	case
15	items	item	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 number	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past		the figure					tree rules
2	is a	present	the figure	the greatest reduction					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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