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Test 5 · ★ · Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who

Grandad says "singular they is a brand-new invention, no cap." What is the fact?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Grandad, they, fact · What happens: say, be · To what, where: singular new invention · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 5 «Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Grandad says "singular they is a brand-new invention, no cap."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 invention	punct
4	singular	singular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 invention	amod
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 invention	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 invention	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 invention	det
8	brand	brand	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 new	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 brand	punct
10	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 invention	amod
11	invention	invention	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	ccomp
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 cap	punct
13	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	14 cap	det
14	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 invention	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 invention	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 invention	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Grandad						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a in a quote	present	they	a singular new invention and no cap					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the fact?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fact	det
4	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the fact						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It has been used for one unknown person since the 1300s

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 used	nsubj:pass
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 used	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 used	aux:pass
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	8 person	case
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 person	nummod
7	unknown	unknown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 person	amod
8	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 used	obl
9	since	since	ADP	_	11 1300s	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 1300s	det
11	1300s	1300	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	4 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · perfect · passive		It			since the 1300s	for one unknown person	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for person=Eventuality

Option 2

It was invented by a dictionary in 2020 for modern writing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 invented	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 invented	aux:pass
3	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 dictionary	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 dictionary	det
6	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 invented	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 2020	case
8	2020	2020	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 invented	obl
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 writing	case
10	modern	modern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 writing	amod
11	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive	a dictionary	It		2020		for modern writing	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent subject=Result for writing=Beneficiary

Option 3

It was invented by a dictionary in 2020

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 invented	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 invented	aux:pass
3	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 dictionary	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 dictionary	det
6	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 invented	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 2020	case
8	2020	2020	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 invented	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	invent	past · passive	a dictionary	It		2020			vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result

Option 4

It is only used in American films

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 used	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 used	aux:pass
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 used	advmod
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 films	case
6	American	American	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 films	amod
7	films	film	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · passive		It		American films			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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