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Test 3 · ★★ · Not unhappy and not half: litotes

★ Your friend calls a boy in your class «not the brightest, bless him» and says «it's fine, I said it nicely». What is true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★ friend · What happens: call, bless, say, be · To what, where: boy, class, friend · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 50 «Not unhappy and not half: litotes» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★ Your friend calls a boy in your class «not the brightest, bless him» and says «it's fine, I said it nicely».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 friend	compound
2	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 friend	nmod:poss
3	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 calls	nsubj
4	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 boy	det
6	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 calls	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 class	case
8	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 class	nmod:poss
9	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 calls	obl
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 brightest	punct
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 brightest	advmod
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 brightest	det
13	brightest	bright	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 class	acl:relcl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 bless	punct
15	bless	bless	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 calls	parataxis
16	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 bless	obj
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	15 bless	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 says	cc
19	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 calls	conj
20	«	«	PUNCT	_	23 fine	punct
21	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 fine	expl
22	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 fine	cop
23	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 says	ccomp
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 said	punct
25	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 said	nsubj
26	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 fine	parataxis
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 said	obj
28	nicely	nicely	ADV	_	26 said	advmod
29	»	»	PUNCT	_	23 fine	punct
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 calls	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call speech: assert	present	Your ★ friend	a boy		your class			tree rules
2	bless in a quote	infinitive		boy					vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
3	say speech: assert	present	Your ★ friend not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	is in a quote	present						fine property	tree rules
5	say speech: assert in a quote	past	Your ★ friend = friend	friend				nicely property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

It's fine, because it means he's clever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fine	expl
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fine	cop
3	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 means	punct
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 means	mark
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 means	nsubj
7	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fine	conj
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 clever	nsubj
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 clever	cop
10	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 means	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						fine property	tree rules
2	mean	present	it						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	he					clever property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It means the boy needs a brighter lamp

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 boy	det
4	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 needs	nsubj
5	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 means	ccomp
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 lamp	det
7	brighter	bright	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 lamp	amod
8	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 needs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	It						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	need	present	the boy	a brighter lamp					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot lamp=Theme

Option 3

It's fine, because «bless him» turns it into praise

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fine	expl
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fine	cop
3	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 turns	csubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 bless	punct
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 bless	mark
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 bless	punct
7	bless	bless	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 fine	parataxis
8	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 bless	obj
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 bless	punct
10	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 turns	obj
12	into	into	ADP	_	13 praise	case
13	praise	praise	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 turns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						fine property	tree rules
2	bless in a quote	infinitive		him = he					vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
3	turn	present		it		praise			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme into praise=Trajectory

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Saying it softly doesn't stop it being a put-down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 stop	csubj
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Saying	obj
3	softly	softly	ADV	_	1 Saying	advmod
4	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 stop	aux
5	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 stop	advmod
6	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 down	nsubj
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 down	cop
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 down	det
10	put	put	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 down	compound
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 put	punct
12	down	down	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stop	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	gerund		it				softly property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
2	not stop	present · do-support	Saying						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	is a	gerund	it	a put down					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/50-not-unhappy-and-not-half-litotes/t3/