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Test 3 · Told you a hundred times: how other languages exaggerate a…

★ «xiào sǐ wǒ le» and English «I'm dead 💀» are both about laughing. What do they show about many languages?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: I, ★ · What happens: be, laugh, show · To what, where: dead 💀

This is test 3 of lesson 53 «Told you a hundred times: how other languages exaggerate and play down» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★ «xiào sǐ wǒ le» and English «I'm dead 💀» are both about laughing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 laughing	nsubj
2	«	«	PUNCT	_	1 ★	punct
3	xiào	xiào	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
4	sǐ	sǐ	X	Foreign=Yes	6 le	flat:foreign
5	wǒ	wǒ	X	Foreign=Yes	6 le	flat:foreign
6	le	le	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	flat:foreign
7	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 le	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 English	cc
9	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 ★	conj
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 💀	punct
11	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 💀	nsubj
12	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 💀	cop
13	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 💀	amod
14	💀	💀	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 ★	appos
15	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 💀	punct
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 laughing	aux
17	both	both	ADV	_	19 laughing	advmod
18	about	about	SCONJ	_	19 laughing	mark
19	laughing	laugh	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	19 laughing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present	I	dead 💀					tree rules
2	laugh	present · progressive	★ and English					both property	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What do they show about many languages?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 show	obj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 show	aux
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	about	about	ADP	_	7 languages	case
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 languages	amod
7	languages	language	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 show	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	★					about many languages	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent what=Recipient about language=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

They use «death» to mean «very much»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 use	nsubj
2	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 death	punct
4	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 use	obj
5	»	»	PUNCT	_	4 death	punct
6	to	to	PART	_	7 mean	mark
7	mean	mean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 use	advcl
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	10 much	punct
9	very	very	ADV	_	10 much	advmod
10	much	much	ADV	_	7 mean	obj
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 much	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	They	death					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent death=Patient
2	mean	to-infinitive	They not said here						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Topic

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

They only use it for sad things

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 use	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 use	advmod
3	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 use	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 things	case
6	sad	sad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 things	amod
7	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	They	it				for sad things	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent it=Theme for thing=Eventuality

Option 3

They all copied it from English speakers online

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 copied	nsubj
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 copied	advmod
3	copied	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 copied	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 speakers	case
6	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 speakers	amod
7	speakers	speaker	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 copied	obl
8	online	online	ADV	_	3 copied	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	past	They	it				from English speakers; online property	vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4

They never joke about laughing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 joke	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 joke	advmod
3	joke	joke	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	about	about	SCONJ	_	5 laughing	mark
5	laughing	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 joke	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not joke speech: other	present	They						vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	laugh	gerund	They not said here						vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/53-told-you-a-hundred-times-how-other-languages-exaggerate-and-play-down/t3/