Test 5 · Told you a hundred times: how other languages exaggerate a…

★ Olena cries because Grandma only said «Непогано!» about her very good mark. What should Olena know?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★, Grandma, Olena · What happens: cry, say, mark, know · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 of lesson 53 «Told you a hundred times: how other languages exaggerate and play down» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★ Olena cries because Grandma only said «Непогано!» about her very good mark.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 cries	nsubj
2	Olena	Olena	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 ★	flat
3	cries	cry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	7 said	mark
5	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 said	nsubj
6	only	only	ADV	_	7 said	advmod
7	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 cries	ccomp
8	«	«	PUNCT	_	9 Непогано	punct
9	Непогано	Непогано	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 said	ccomp
10	!	!	PUNCT	_	9 Непогано	punct
11	»	»	PUNCT	_	9 Непогано	punct
12	about	about	ADP	_	16 mark	case
13	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 mark	nmod:poss
14	very	very	ADV	_	15 good	advmod
15	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 mark	amod
16	mark	mark	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 said	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 cries	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	cry speech: express	present	★		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	say speech: assert	past	Grandma	about Grandma's good mark	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	mark		Grandma		nom mark «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What should Olena know?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 know	obj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 know	aux
3	Olena	Olena	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 know	nsubj
4	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 know	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	should	Olena						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

«Непогано» is a word Grandma uses when she is cross

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 Непогано	punct
2	Непогано	Непогано	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 uses	nsubj
3	»	»	PUNCT	_	2 Непогано	punct
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 uses	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 Grandma	det
6	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 Grandma	compound
7	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 uses	nsubj
8	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	12 cross	advmod
10	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 cross	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 cross	cop
12	cross	cross	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 uses	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Непогано					use property	tree rules
2	is	present	Непогано = непогано					cross property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

«Not bad» in Ukrainian, as in British English, often means «good»

The tree, 11 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 bad	punct
2	Not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 bad	advmod
3	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 means	nsubj
4	»	»	PUNCT	_	3 bad	punct
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Ukrainian	case
6	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 bad	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 English	punct
8	as	as	ADP	_	11 English	case
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 English	case
10	British	British	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 English	amod
11	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 bad	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 means	punct
13	often	often	ADV	_	14 means	advmod
14	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	«	«	PUNCT	_	16 good	punct
16	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 means	xcomp
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 good	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	bad					good, often property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Grandma thinks the mark was only just okay

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 thinks	nsubj
2	thinks	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 mark	det
4	mark	mark	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 okay	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 okay	cop
6	only	only	ADV	_	8 okay	advmod
7	just	just	ADV	_	8 okay	advmod
8	okay	okay	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 thinks	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	present	Grandma						vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	the mark					okay property	tree rules

Option 4

Grandma wanted a mark that was much higher

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 wanted	nsubj
2	wanted	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 mark	det
4	mark	mark	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wanted	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 higher	nsubj
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 higher	cop
7	much	much	ADV	_	8 higher	advmod
8	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 mark	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	past	Grandma	a mark					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot mark=Theme
2	is	past	a mark					high property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/53-told-you-a-hundred-times-how-other-languages-exaggerate-and-play-down/t5/