Test 6 · ★★★ · ★★★ Olympiad: hyperbole and downplaying puzzles

★★★ «Over 1 million visitors» and «A MILLION reasons to love summer». A friend says «both say a million, so both are hype». What is the flaw?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: friend, both, flaw · What happens: love, say, be · To what, where: million, hype · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 55 «★★★ Olympiad: hyperbole and downplaying puzzles» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ «Over 1 million visitors» and «A MILLION reasons to love summer».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 visitors	punct
5	Over	over	ADV	_	7 million	advmod
6	1	1	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 million	compound
7	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 visitors	nummod
8	visitors	visitor	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 ★	appos
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 visitors	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 reasons	cc
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 reasons	punct
12	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 MILLION	det
13	MILLION	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 reasons	nummod
14	reasons	reason	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 ★	conj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 love	mark
16	love	love	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 reasons	acl
17	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 love	obj
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	16 love	punct
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 ★	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	love in a quote	to-infinitive					summer		vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: A friend says «both say a million, so both are hype».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 friend	det
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 say	punct
5	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	6 say	nsubj
6	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 million	det
8	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 say	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 hype	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	13 hype	advmod
11	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	13 hype	det
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 hype	cop
13	hype	hype	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 hype	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a friend		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	say speech: assert in a quote	present	both	a million	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent million=Topic
3	is a in a quote	present		both hype	tree rules

Sentence 3: What is the flaw?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 flaw	det
4	flaw	flaw	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the flaw						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The same number can be measured in one and a feeling in the other

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 number	det
2	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 number	amod
3	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 measured	nsubj:pass
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 measured	aux
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 measured	aux:pass
6	measured	measure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	11 feeling	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 feeling	nummod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 feeling	cc
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 feeling	det
11	feeling	feeling	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 measured	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 other	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 other	det
14	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 measured	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	measure	can · passive		the same number		a one feeling		in the other	vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Neither is a number, because «million» is just a word

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	4 number	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 number	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 number	det
4	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 word	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 million	punct
6	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	8 million	case
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 million	punct
8	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 number	appos
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 million	punct
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 word	cop
11	just	just	ADV	_	13 word	advmod
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 word	det
13	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Neither	a number					tree rules
2	is a	present	a number	a word					tree rules

Option 3

Both are hype, because big numbers are always exaggeration

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 hype	det
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hype	cop
3	hype	hype	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 exaggeration	punct
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 exaggeration	mark
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 numbers	amod
7	numbers	number	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 exaggeration	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 exaggeration	cop
9	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	10 exaggeration	advmod
10	exaggeration	exaggeration	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hype	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present		both hype and exaggeration					tree rules
2	is a	present	big numbers	exaggeration				always property	tree rules

Option 4

Both are measured, since a million is always a real number

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	3 measured	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 measured	aux:pass
3	measured	measure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 measured	punct
5	since	since	ADP	_	7 million	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 million	det
7	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 measured	obl
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 number	cop
9	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	12 number	advmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 number	det
11	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 number	amod
12	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 measured	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	measure	present · passive		Both			since a million		vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value
2	is a	present		a real number				always property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/55-olympiad-hyperbole-and-downplaying-puzzles/t6/