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Test 11 · ★ · Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sent…

Little sister writes "I like apples and I like pears and I like plums and I like grapes." How could she join it better?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Little sister, I, sister · What happens: write, like, join · To what, where: apples, pears, plums, grapes, it · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 6 «Prepositions and conjunctions: little words that hold sentences together» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Little sister writes "I like apples and I like pears and I like plums and I like grapes."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sister	amod
2	sister	sister	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 writes	nsubj
3	writes	write	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 like	punct
5	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 like	nsubj
6	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 writes	ccomp
7	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 like	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 like	cc
9	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	10 like	nsubj
10	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 like	conj
11	pears	pear	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 like	obj
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 like	cc
13	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 like	nsubj
14	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 like	conj
15	plums	plum	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 like	obj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 like	cc
17	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	18 like	nsubj
18	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 like	conj
19	grapes	grape	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 like	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 like	punct
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 like	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	present	Little sister						vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	like in a quote	present	I	apples					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot apple=Theme
3	like in a quote	present	I	pears					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot pear=Theme
4	like in a quote	present	I	plums					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot plum=Theme
5	like in a quote	present	I	grapes					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot grape=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How could she join it better?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 join	advmod
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 join	aux
3	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 join	nsubj
4	join	join	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 join	obj
6	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 join	xcomp
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 join	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	join	could	sister	it				good property	vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

I like apples because pears plums grapes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 like	nsubj
2	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 like	obj
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 plums	mark
5	pears	pear	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 plums	nsubj
6	plums	plum	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 like	advcl
7	grapes	grape	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 plums	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	like	present	I	apples					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot apple=Theme
2	plum	present	pears	grapes					tree rules

Option 2

I like and apples and pears and plums

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 like	nsubj
2	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 apples	cc
4	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 like	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 pears	cc
6	pears	pear	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 apples	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 plums	cc
8	plums	plum	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 apples	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	like	present	I	apples and pears and plums					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot apple=Theme

Option 3

I like apples but pears or plums so grapes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 like	nsubj
2	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 like	obj
4	but	but	CCONJ	_	5 pears	cc
5	pears	pear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 apples	conj
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 plums	cc
7	plums	plum	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 apples	conj
8	so	so	ADV	_	9 grapes	advmod
9	grapes	grape	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 like	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	like	present	I	apples but pears or plums					tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

I like apples, pears, plums and grapes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 like	nsubj
2	like	like	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 like	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 pears	punct
5	pears	pear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 apples	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 plums	punct
7	plums	plum	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 apples	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 grapes	cc
9	grapes	grape	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 apples	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	like	present	I	apples and pears and plums and grapes					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot apple=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/6-prepositions-and-conjunctions/t11/