Exam question 1 · Heart and lungs when you run

Identify the principal reason for which the rate of respiration increases during vigorous running.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 1 of lesson 36 «Heart and lungs when you run» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 rate	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 rate	det
8	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 increases	case
10	respiration	respiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 increases	compound
11	increases	increase	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 rate	nmod
12	during	during	ADP	_	14 running	case
13	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 running	amod
14	running	running	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 increases	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason the rate of respiration increases during vigorous running					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The lungs contract and gradually lose their capacity to hold air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 contract	det
2	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 contract	compound
3	contract	contract	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 lose	cc
5	gradually	gradually	ADV	_	6 lose	advmod
6	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 contract	conj
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 capacity	nmod:poss
8	capacity	capacity	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lose	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 hold	mark
10	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 lose	advcl
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hold	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present		their capacity				gradually property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capacity=Eventuality
2	hold	to-infinitive		air					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The working muscles require an increased supply of oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 muscles	det
2	working	working	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 muscles	compound
3	muscles	muscle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 require	nsubj
4	require	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 supply	det
6	increased	increase	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 supply	amod
7	supply	supply	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 require	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 oxygen	case
9	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 supply	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	the working muscles	a increased supply of oxygen					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme supply=Precondition
2	increase	participle							vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 3

The air becomes deficient in oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 becomes	nsubj
3	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	deficient	deficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 becomes	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 oxygen	case
6	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 becomes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present	the air					in oxygen result; deficient property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in oxygen=Result

Option 4

The heart ceases to circulate the blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 heart	det
2	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ceases	nsubj
3	ceases	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 circulate	mark
5	circulate	circulate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 ceases	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 blood	det
7	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 circulate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease	present	the heart						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	circulate	to-infinitive	the heart not said here	the blood					vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location blood=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/36-heart-and-lungs-when-you-run/e1/