Exam question 2 · Muscles: getting stronger and getting fitter

Identify the principle that most accurately characterises the acquisition of physical fitness.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, most · What happens: identify, characteris, acquire · To what, where: principle, acquisition, physical fitness

This is exam question 2 of lesson 38 «Muscles: getting stronger and getting fitter» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 principle	det
3	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 characterises	mark
5	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 characterises	nsubj
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	5 most	advmod
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 acquisition	det
9	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 characterises	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 fitness	case
11	physical	physical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 fitness	amod
12	fitness	fitness	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 acquisition	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principle	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent principle=Theme
2	characteris	present	most	the acquisition of physical fitness	tree rules
3	acquire			physical fitness	nom acquisition «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A single session of maximal exertion each year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 session	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 session	amod
3	session	session	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 exertion	case
5	maximal	maximal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 exertion	amod
6	exertion	exertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 session	nmod
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	8 year	det
8	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 session	nmod:unmarked

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Inheritance alone, without any training whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Inheritance	inheritance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	alone	alone	ADV	_	1 Inheritance	advmod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 training	punct
4	without	without	ADP	_	6 training	case
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	6 training	det
6	training	training	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Inheritance	conj
7	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	6 training	advmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

Prolonged abstention from activity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Prolonged	prolong	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
2	abstention	abstention	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Prolonged	obj
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 activity	case
4	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Prolonged	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prolong	participle		abstention		activity			vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent abstention=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Regular moderate sessions sustained over time

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Regular	regular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sessions	amod
2	moderate	moderate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sessions	amod
3	sessions	session	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 sessions	acl
5	over	over	ADP	_	6 time	case
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sustained	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sustain	participle		Regular moderate sessions not said here			time		vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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