Exam question 4 · Basketball, tennis, skateboarding and ice skating

Pursuant to the advice of RoSPA, identify the appropriate conduct in respect of frozen ponds and lakes.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, freeze, respect · To what, where: appropriate conduct, respect, frozen ponds

This is exam question 4 of lesson 44 «Basketball, tennis, skateboarding and ice skating» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pursuant	pursuant	ADV	_	8 identify	advmod
2	to	to	ADP	_	4 advice	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 advice	det
4	advice	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Pursuant	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 RoSPA	case
6	RoSPA	RoSPA	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 advice	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Pursuant	punct
8	identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 conduct	det
10	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 conduct	amod
11	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 identify	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 respect	case
13	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 conduct	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 ponds	case
15	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 ponds	amod
16	ponds	pond	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 respect	nmod
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 lakes	cc
18	lakes	lake	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 ponds	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the appropriate conduct	respect of frozen ponds and lakes	pursuant property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent conduct=Theme
2	freeze	participle					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	respect			frozen ponds and lakes			nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They may be used if a friend is present

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 used	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 used	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 used	aux:pass
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 present	mark
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 friend	det
7	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 present	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 present	cop
9	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 used	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	may · passive		They					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	is a condition, not said to happen	present	a friend					present property	tree rules

Option 2

They may be used once tested by another

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 used	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 used	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 used	aux:pass
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 used	advmod
6	tested	test	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 used	conj
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 another	case
8	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	6 tested	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	may · passive		They				once property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	test	participle						by another	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They are never to be walked or skated upon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 walked	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 walked	aux:pass
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 walked	advmod
4	to	to	PART	_	6 walked	mark
5	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 walked	aux:pass
6	walked	walk	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 skated	cc
8	skated	skate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 walked	conj
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 skated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not walk	present · passive		They					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory
2	skate	participle							vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

They may be used after a week of frost

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 used	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 used	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 used	aux:pass
4	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	after	after	ADP	_	7 week	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 week	det
7	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 used	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 frost	case
9	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 week	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	may · passive		They			week		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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