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Test 5 · Broken bones in sport: fingers, wrists and collarbones

Kai in Perth: «kids' bones don't break, they just bend, sweet as». Right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: bones · What happens: not break, bend

This is test 5 of lesson 48 «Broken bones in sport: fingers, wrists and collarbones» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Kai in Perth: «kids' bones don't break, they just bend, sweet as».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kai	Kai	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	in	in	ADP	_	3 Perth	case
3	Perth	Perth	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Kai	nmod
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 break	punct
5	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 break	nsubj
6	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 bones	nmod:poss
7	'	's	PART	_	6 kids	case
8	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 break	nsubj
9	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 break	aux
10	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 break	advmod
11	break	break	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Kai	parataxis
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 bend	punct
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 bend	nsubj
14	just	just	ADV	_	15 bend	advmod
15	bend	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 break	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 sweet	punct
17	sweet	sweet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 bend	ccomp
18	as	as	SCONJ	_	19 »	mark
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	17 sweet	punct
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Kai	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not break in a quote	present · do-support							vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	bend in a quote	present	bones = bone						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Right	right	INTJ	_	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Right	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

No, kids' bones break more easily than glass does

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 break	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 break	punct
3	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bones	nmod:poss
4	'	's	PART	_	3 kids	case
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 break	nsubj
6	break	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 does	advcl
7	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 easily	advmod
8	easily	easily	ADV	_	6 break	advmod
9	than	than	ADP	_	10 glass	case
10	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 easily	obl
11	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	present	kids's bones					easily property	vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	do	present							vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Yes, until they turn ten

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 turn	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 turn	punct
3	until	until	SCONJ	_	5 turn	mark
4	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 turn	nsubj
5	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 turn	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	they	ten					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ten=Theme

Option 3

Yes, kids' bones are rubber

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 rubber	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bones	nmod:poss
4	'	's	PART	_	3 kids	case
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 rubber	nsubj
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 rubber	cop
7	rubber	rubber	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	kids's bones	rubber					tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

No, they bend and crack and need treating

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 bend	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 bend	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 bend	nsubj
4	bend	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 crack	cc
6	crack	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bend	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 need	cc
8	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 bend	conj
9	treating	treating	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 need	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	present	they						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	crack	present	they not said here						vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	need	present	they not said here	treating					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot treating=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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