Exam question 4 · Colds and flu
It is asserted that daily ingestion of vitamin C prevents colds. State the conclusion supported by research.
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: daily ingestion, you · What happens: assert, prevent, ingest, state, support · To what, where: It, colds, vitamin C, conclusion
This is exam question 4 of lesson 7 «Colds and flu» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is asserted that daily ingestion of vitamin C prevents colds.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 asserted | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 asserted | aux:pass |
| 3 | asserted | assert | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 prevents | mark |
| 5 | daily | daily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 ingestion | amod |
| 6 | ingestion | ingestion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 prevents | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 C | case |
| 8 | vitamin | vitamin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 C | compound |
| 9 | C | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 ingestion | nmod |
| 10 | prevents | prevent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 asserted | advcl |
| 11 | colds | cold | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 prevents | obj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 asserted | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | assert | present · passive | It | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | prevent | present | daily ingestion of vitamin C | colds | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer cold=Theme | ||||
| 3 | ingest | vitamin C | nom ingestion «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: State the conclusion supported by research.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | State | state | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 conclusion | det |
| 3 | conclusion | conclusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 State | obj |
| 4 | supported | support | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 conclusion | acl |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 research | case |
| 6 | research | research | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 supported | obl |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 State | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | state speech: other | imperative | you not said here | the conclusion | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent conclusion=Topic | ||||
| 2 | support | participle | the conclusion not said here | by research | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
The options
Option 1
Daily vitamin C removes any need for rest during illness
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daily | daily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 C | amod |
| 2 | vitamin | vitamin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 C | compound |
| 3 | C | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 removes | nsubj |
| 4 | removes | remove | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 need | det |
| 6 | need | need | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 removes | obj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 rest | case |
| 8 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 removes | obl |
| 9 | during | during | ADP | _ | 10 illness | case |
| 10 | illness | illness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 removes | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | remove | present | Daily vitamin C | any need | during illness | for rest | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent need=Theme |
Option 2
Daily vitamin C prevents all colds
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daily | daily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 C | amod |
| 2 | vitamin | vitamin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 C | compound |
| 3 | C | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 prevents | nsubj |
| 4 | prevents | prevent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 colds | det |
| 6 | colds | cold | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 prevents | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prevent | present | Daily vitamin C | all colds | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer cold=Theme |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
Daily vitamin C causes colds in children
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daily | daily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 C | amod |
| 2 | vitamin | vitamin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 C | compound |
| 3 | C | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 causes | nsubj |
| 4 | causes | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | colds | cold | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 causes | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 children | case |
| 7 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 causes | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | present | Daily vitamin C | colds | in children | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition cold=Patient |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Daily vitamin C does not prevent colds in most people
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daily | daily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 C | amod |
| 2 | vitamin | vitamin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 C | compound |
| 3 | C | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 prevent | nsubj |
| 4 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 prevent | aux |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 prevent | advmod |
| 6 | prevent | prevent | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | colds | cold | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 prevent | obj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 people | case |
| 9 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 10 people | amod |
| 10 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 prevent | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not prevent | present · do-support | Daily vitamin C | colds | in most people | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer cold=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/7-colds-and-flu/e4/