Exam question 1 · Swimming out too far: sea, rivers, lakes and quarries

Identify the principal hazard associated with entering the sea outside the area demarcated by red and yellow flags.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, associate, enter, demarcate · To what, where: principal hazard, sea, area

This is exam question 1 of lesson 71 «Swimming out too far: sea, rivers, lakes and quarries» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 hazard	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hazard	amod
4	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	associated	associate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 hazard	acl
6	with	with	SCONJ	_	7 entering	mark
7	entering	enter	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 associated	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sea	det
9	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 entering	obj
10	outside	outside	ADP	_	12 area	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 area	det
12	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sea	nmod
13	demarcated	demarcate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 area	acl
14	by	by	ADP	_	18 flags	case
15	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 flags	amod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 yellow	cc
17	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 red	conj
18	flags	flag	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 demarcated	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal hazard		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent hazard=Theme
2	associate	participle		the principal hazard not said here		vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	enter	gerund		the sea	outside the area	vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sea=Destination
4	demarcate	participle		the area not said here	by red flags	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The presence of excessively warm water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 presence	det
2	presence	presence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 water	case
4	excessively	excessively	ADV	_	5 warm	advmod
5	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 water	amod
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 presence	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Rip currents in water not supervised by lifeguards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rip	rip	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 currents	compound
2	currents	current	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 supervised	nsubj:pass
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 water	case
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 currents	nmod
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 supervised	advmod
6	supervised	supervise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 lifeguards	case
8	lifeguards	lifeguard	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 supervised	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not supervise	participle · passive	lifeguards	Rip currents in water					vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality

Option 3

An increased risk of sunburn alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 risk	det
2	increased	increase	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 risk	amod
3	risk	risk	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 sunburn	case
5	sunburn	sunburn	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 risk	nmod
6	alone	alone	ADV	_	3 risk	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	increase	participle							vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	risk			sunburn					nom risk «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The risk of losing personal belongings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 risk	det
2	risk	risk	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	SCONJ	_	4 losing	mark
4	losing	lose	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 risk	acl
5	personal	personal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 belongings	amod
6	belongings	belonging	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 losing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	gerund	the risk not said here	personal belongings					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent belonging=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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