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Exam question 3 · Swimming out too far: sea, rivers, lakes and quarries

It is given that a companion has entered a canal and is in difficulty. State the conduct recommended by the Royal Life Saving Society.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, enter, be, state, recommend · To what, where: It, companion, difficulty, conduct

This is exam question 3 of lesson 71 «Swimming out too far: sea, rivers, lakes and quarries» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a companion has entered a canal and is in difficulty.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 entered	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 companion	det
6	companion	companion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 entered	nsubj:pass
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 entered	aux
8	entered	enter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 canal	det
10	canal	canal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 entered	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 difficulty	cc
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 difficulty	cop
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 difficulty	case
14	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 given	conj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	enter	present · perfect · passive		a companion					tree rules
3	is	present				difficulty			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: State the conduct recommended by the Royal Life Saving Society.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 conduct	det
3	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	obj
4	recommended	recommend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 conduct	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	10 Society	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Society	det
7	Royal	Royal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 Society	amod
8	Life	Life	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Saving	compound
9	Saving	Saving	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 Society	compound
10	Society	Society	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 recommended	obl:agent
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the conduct					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent conduct=Topic
2	recommend	participle		the conduct not said here					vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Await the arrival of the companion at the bank

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Await	await	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 arrival	det
3	arrival	arrival	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Await	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 companion	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 companion	det
6	companion	companion	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 arrival	nmod
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 bank	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 bank	det
9	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Await	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	await	imperative	you not said here	the arrival of the companion		the bank			tree rules
2	arrive		the companion						nom arrival «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

Enter the water forthwith to effect a rescue

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Enter	enter	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 water	det
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Enter	obj
4	forthwith	forthwith	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 effect	amod
5	to	to	PART	_	6 effect	mark
6	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Enter	parataxis
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 rescue	det
8	rescue	rescue	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Enter	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enter	imperative	you not said here	the water				a rescue obl	vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Destination

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Call the emergency services, instruct them to float and throw a buoyant object

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Call	call	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 services	det
3	emergency	emergency	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 services	compound
4	services	service	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Call	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 instruct	punct
6	instruct	instruct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Call	parataxis
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 instruct	obj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 float	mark
9	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 instruct	advcl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 throw	cc
11	throw	throw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 float	conj
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 object	det
13	buoyant	buoyant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 object	amod
14	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 throw	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call speech: assert	imperative	you not said here	the emergency services					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent service=Recipient
2	instruct speech: other	present		services = service					vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient
3	float	to-infinitive							vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	throw	infinitive		a buoyant object					vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent object=Theme

Option 4

Depart the scene and inform no person

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Depart	depart	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 scene	det
3	scene	scene	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Depart	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 inform	cc
5	inform	inform	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Depart	conj
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 person	det
7	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 inform	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	depart	imperative	you not said here	the scene					vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme scene=Initial_Location
2	inform speech: other	present	you not said here		no person				vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent person=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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