Exam question 4 · Bike helmets and roads
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard posed to a cyclist positioned alongside a lorry turning left?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: lorry · What happens: follow, characteris, pose, position, turn, leave · To what, where: hazard, cyclist, lorry
This is exam question 4 of lesson 72 «Bike helmets and roads» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 statements | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 statements | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 statements | amod |
| 5 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 characterises | obl |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 accurately | advmod |
| 7 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 8 characterises | advmod |
| 8 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 hazard | det |
| 10 | hazard | hazard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 characterises | obj |
| 11 | posed | pose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 hazard | acl |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 cyclist | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 cyclist | det |
| 14 | cyclist | cyclist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 posed | obl |
| 15 | positioned | position | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 cyclist | acl |
| 16 | alongside | alongside | ADP | _ | 18 lorry | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 lorry | det |
| 18 | lorry | lorry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 positioned | obl |
| 19 | turning | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 lorry | acl |
| 20 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 turning | xcomp |
| 21 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | the hazard | of the following statements; accurately property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | pose | participle | the hazard not said here | a cyclist | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to cyclist=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | position | participle | a cyclist not said here | a lorry | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent alongside lorry=Destination | ||||
| 5 | turn | gerund | a lorry not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | leave | participle | a lorry not said here | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The lorry is unable to turn left
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 lorry | det |
| 2 | lorry | lorry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 unable | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 unable | cop |
| 4 | unable | unable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 turn | mark |
| 6 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 unable | xcomp |
| 7 | left | left | ADV | _ | 6 turn | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the lorry | unable property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | turn | to-infinitive | the lorry not said here | left property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
The cyclist may be within the driver's blind spot and be struck
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cyclist | det |
| 2 | cyclist | cyclist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 spot | nsubj |
| 3 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 spot | aux |
| 4 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 spot | cop |
| 5 | within | within | ADP | _ | 10 spot | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 driver | det |
| 7 | driver | driver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 spot | nmod:poss |
| 8 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 7 driver | case |
| 9 | blind | blind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 spot | amod |
| 10 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 struck | cc |
| 12 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 struck | aux:pass |
| 13 | struck | strike | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 spot | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | may | the cyclist | within the driver's blind spot | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | strike | infinitive · passive | the cyclist not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V» |
Option 3
The cyclist is protected by the lorry's mirrors
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cyclist | det |
| 2 | cyclist | cyclist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 protected | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 protected | aux:pass |
| 4 | protected | protect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 mirrors | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 lorry | det |
| 7 | lorry | lorry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 mirrors | nmod:poss |
| 8 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 7 lorry | case |
| 9 | mirrors | mirror | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 protected | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | protect | present · passive | the cyclist | by the lorry's mirrors | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
Option 4
The cyclist is invariably visible to the driver
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cyclist | det |
| 2 | cyclist | cyclist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 visible | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 visible | cop |
| 4 | invariably | invariably | ADV | _ | 5 visible | advmod |
| 5 | visible | visible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 driver | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 driver | det |
| 8 | driver | driver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 visible | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the cyclist | to the driver; invariably, visible property | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/72-bike-helmets-and-roads/e4/