Exam question 4 · Unit prices and sales that are not really sales

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the inscription "up to seventy per cent off".

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, inscription

This is exam question 4 of lesson 13 «Unit prices and sales that are not really sales» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 inscription	det
11	inscription	inscription	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 cent	punct
13	up	up	ADV	_	17 cent	advmod
14	to	to	ADP	_	17 cent	case
15	seventy	seventy	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	17 cent	nummod
16	per	per	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 cent	compound
17	cent	cent	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 inscription	appos
18	off	off	ADP	_	17 cent	compound:prt
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	17 cent	punct
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the inscription		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus inscription=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Seventy per cent of the purchase price is refunded

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Seventy	seventy	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 cent	nummod
2	per	per	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cent	compound
3	cent	cent	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 refunded	nsubj:pass
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 price	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 price	det
6	purchase	purchase	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 price	compound
7	price	price	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cent	nmod
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 refunded	aux:pass
9	refunded	refund	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	refund	present · passive		Seventy per cent of the purchase price					vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

Most articles are reduced by more than seventy per cent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 articles	amod
2	articles	article	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reduced	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reduced	aux:pass
4	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	10 cent	case
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	8 seventy	advmod
7	than	than	ADP	_	6 more	fixed
8	seventy	seventy	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 cent	nummod
9	per	per	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cent	compound
10	cent	cent	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reduced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	present · passive	seventy per cent	Most articles					vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The maximal reduction applies to some articles only, most being reduced less

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reduction	det
2	maximal	maximal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 reduction	amod
3	reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 applies	nsubj
4	applies	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 articles	case
6	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	7 articles	det
7	articles	article	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 applies	obl
8	only	only	ADV	_	7 articles	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 reduced	punct
10	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	12 reduced	nsubj:pass
11	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 reduced	aux:pass
12	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 applies	conj
13	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	12 reduced	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present	the maximal reduction					to some articles	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	reduce	gerund · passive		most				less property	vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

Every article is reduced by precisely seventy per cent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 article	det
2	article	article	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reduced	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reduced	aux:pass
4	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	9 cent	case
6	precisely	precisely	ADV	_	7 seventy	advmod
7	seventy	seventy	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 cent	nummod
8	per	per	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cent	compound
9	cent	cent	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reduced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	present · passive	seventy per cent	every article					vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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