Exam question 1 · Taking without paying: the consequences

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the act designated "shoplifting"?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: act · What happens: follow, characteris, designate · To what, where: act, shoplifting

This is exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Taking without paying: the consequences» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 act	det
10	act	act	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 act	acl
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 shoplifting	punct
13	shoplifting	shoplifting	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 designated	obj
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 shoplifting	punct
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the act	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	designate	participle	the act not said here	shoplifting		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoplifting=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The carrying of heavy merchandise within a shop by its staff

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 carrying	det
2	carrying	carry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 merchandise	case
4	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 merchandise	amod
5	merchandise	merchandise	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carrying	obl
6	within	within	ADP	_	8 shop	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 shop	det
8	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carrying	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 staff	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 staff	nmod:poss
11	staff	staff	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carrying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	gerund						of heavy merchandise; within a shop; by shop's staff	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent of merchandise=Initial_Location

Option 2

The return of goods to a shop for a refund

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 return	det
2	return	return	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 goods	case
4	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 return	nmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 shop	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 shop	det
7	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 return	nmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 refund	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 refund	det
10	refund	refund	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 return	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	return		goods					to a shop; for a refund	nom return «communication intransitive»: of=agent to=obl for=obl

Option 3

The purchase of goods at a reduced price during a sale

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 purchase	det
2	purchase	purchase	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 goods	case
4	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 purchase	nmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 price	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 price	det
7	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 price	amod
8	price	price	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 purchase	nmod
9	during	during	ADP	_	11 sale	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 sale	det
11	sale	sale	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 purchase	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	participle							vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer
2	purchase			goods		a reduced price	during a sale		nom purchase «act transitive»: of=patient at=place during=obl

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The removal of goods from a shop without payment, constituting theft

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 removal	det
2	removal	removal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 goods	case
4	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 removal	nmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 shop	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 shop	det
7	shop	shop	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 goods	nmod
8	without	without	ADP	_	9 payment	case
9	payment	payment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 removal	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 constituting	punct
11	constituting	constitute	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 removal	conj
12	theft	theft	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 constituting	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	gerund		theft					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme theft=Pivot
2	remove			goods from a shop				without payment	nom removal «act transitive»: of=patient without=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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