Exam question 4 · Coins and notes: pounds and pence, dollars and cents

Identify the principal reason for which banknotes incorporate transparent windows and images that alter upon tilting.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, banknotes, images · What happens: identify, incorporate, alter, tilt · To what, where: principal reason, transparent windows

This is exam question 4 of lesson 2 «Coins and notes: pounds and pence, dollars and cents» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 incorporate	obl
7	banknotes	banknote	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 incorporate	nsubj
8	incorporate	incorporate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
9	transparent	transparent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 windows	amod
10	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 incorporate	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 images	cc
12	images	image	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 windows	conj
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 alter	nsubj
14	alter	alter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 images	acl:relcl
15	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	16 tilting	mark
16	tilting	tilt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 alter	advcl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	incorporate	present	banknotes	transparent windows and images	for the principal reason	vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient
3	alter	present	images			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	tilt	gerund	images not said here			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

To render counterfeiting difficult and detection straightforward

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 render	mark
2	render	render	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	counterfeiting	counterfeit	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 render	obj
4	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 counterfeiting	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 straightforward	cc
6	detection	detection	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 straightforward	compound
7	straightforward	straightforward	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 counterfeiting	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	to-infinitive							vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent
2	counterfeit	gerund		difficult					tree rules

Option 2

To permit the holder to ascertain the balance of an account

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 permit	mark
2	permit	permit	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 holder	det
4	holder	holder	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 permit	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 ascertain	mark
6	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 permit	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 balance	det
8	balance	balance	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ascertain	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 account	case
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 account	det
11	account	account	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 balance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	permit	to-infinitive		the holder	vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer holder=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	ascertain not said to happen	to-infinitive		the balance of a account	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balance=Topic
3	balance		a account		nom balance «state intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

To reduce the cost of production of each note

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 reduce	mark
2	reduce	reduce	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cost	det
4	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reduce	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 production	case
6	production	production	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cost	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 note	case
8	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	9 note	det
9	note	note	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cost	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	to-infinitive		the cost of production of each note					vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer cost=Patient
2	cost			production					nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

To indicate the date upon which the note shall expire

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 indicate	mark
2	indicate	indicate	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 date	det
4	date	date	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 indicate	obj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 expire	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 note	det
8	note	note	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 expire	nsubj
9	shall	shall	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 expire	aux
10	expire	expire	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 date	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	indicate	to-infinitive		the date					vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot date=Topic
2	expire	shall	the note					upon the date	vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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