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Test 11 · ★★★ · Inflation explained with a chocolate bar

Grandad says, "In some countries folk needed wheelbarrows of money for a loaf." What is this called, and where was it reported?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Grandad, folk · What happens: say, need, call, report · To what, where: wheelbarrows, countries, this, folk · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 34 «Inflation explained with a chocolate bar» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Grandad says, "In some countries folk needed wheelbarrows of money for a loaf."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 needed	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 needed	punct
5	In	in	ADP	_	7 countries	case
6	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	7 countries	det
7	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 needed	obl
8	folk	folk	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 needed	nsubj
9	needed	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
10	wheelbarrows	wheelbarrow	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 needed	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 money	case
12	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 wheelbarrows	nmod
13	for	for	ADP	_	15 loaf	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 loaf	det
15	loaf	loaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 needed	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct
17	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Grandad						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	need in a quote	past	folk	wheelbarrows of money		some countries		for a loaf	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot wheelbarrow=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is this called, and where was it reported?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 called	obj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 called	aux:pass
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 called	nsubj:pass
4	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 reported	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 reported	cc
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	10 reported	advmod
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 reported	aux:pass
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 reported	nsubj:pass
10	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 called	conj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 called	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	present · passive		this					vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme what=Result
2	report	past · passive		folk					vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

The options

Option 1

Deflation, reported only in Britain last year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deflation	deflation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reported	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Deflation	punct
3	reported	report	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 Britain	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Britain	case
6	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 reported	obl
7	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 year	amod
8	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reported	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	report	past	Deflation			Britain	year		vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Hyperinflation, reported in Germany long ago and Zimbabwe more recently

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hyperinflation	hyperinflation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reported	nsubj:pass
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 reported	punct
3	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 Germany	case
5	Germany	Germany	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 reported	obl
6	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 ago	advmod
7	ago	ago	ADV	_	3 reported	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 Zimbabwe	cc
9	Zimbabwe	Zimbabwe	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 reported	conj
10	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 recently	advmod
11	recently	recently	ADV	_	3 reported	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	report	participle · passive		Hyperinflation		Germany		ago, recently property	vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3

Low inflation, reported in every country

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 inflation	amod
2	inflation	inflation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 reported	punct
4	reported	report	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 inflation	acl
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 country	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 country	det
7	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reported	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	report	participle		Low inflation not said here		every country			vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Interest, reported only in banks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Interest	interest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reported	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Interest	punct
3	reported	report	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 banks	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 banks	case
6	banks	bank	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 reported	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	report	past	Interest	banks					vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bank=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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