Test 6 · Taxes and the government's budget A Glaswegian granny says, "Cut the taxes? Aye, and who's payin' for ma hip at the hospital, hen?" ("Hen" means dear.) A shop owner says, "Lower tax, I could hire another worker." What's going on?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Glaswegian granny, Hen, shop owner · What happens: say, cut, be, mean, hire, go on · To what, where: taxes, payin, worker · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 6 of lesson 36 «Taxes and the government's budget» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: A Glaswegian granny says, "Cut the taxes?
det amod nsubj punct punct ccomp det obj punct root A DET Glaswegian ADJ granny NOUN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT Cut VERB the DET taxes NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 granny det 2 Glaswegian glaswegian ADJ Degree=Pos 3 granny amod 3 granny granny NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 7 Cut punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 7 Cut punct 7 Cut cut VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 says ccomp 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 taxes det 9 taxes tax NOUN Number=Plur 7 Cut obj 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: ask present a Glaswegian granny vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 cut in a quote infinitive the taxes vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tax=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Aye, and who's payin' for ma hip at the hospital, hen?"
discourse punct cc nsubj cop punct case compound nmod case det nmod punct conj punct punct root Aye INTJ , PUNCT and CCONJ who PRON 's AUX payin NOUN ' PUNCT for ADP ma NOUN hip NOUN at ADP the DET hospital NOUN , PUNCT hen NOUN ? PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Aye aye INTJ _ 6 payin discourse 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Aye punct 3 and and CCONJ _ 6 payin cc 4 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 payin nsubj 5 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 payin cop 6 payin payin NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 ' ' PUNCT _ 6 payin punct 8 for for ADP _ 10 hip case 9 ma ma NOUN Number=Sing 10 hip compound 10 hip hip NOUN Number=Sing 6 payin nmod 11 at at ADP _ 13 hospital case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 hospital det 13 hospital hospital NOUN Number=Sing 10 hip nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 hen punct 15 hen hen NOUN Number=Sing 10 hip conj 16 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 payin punct 17 " " PUNCT _ 6 payin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present payin for ma hip at the hospital and hen tree rules
Sentence 3: ("Hen" means dear.)
punct punct nsubj punct xcomp punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Hen PROPN " PUNCT means VERB dear ADJ . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 means punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Hen punct 3 Hen Hen PROPN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 " " PUNCT _ 3 Hen punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 dear dear ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct 8 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Hen dear property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 4: A shop owner says, "Lower tax, I could hire another worker."
det compound nsubj punct punct amod ccomp punct nsubj aux ccomp det obj punct punct root A DET shop NOUN owner NOUN says VERB , PUNCT " PUNCT Lower ADJ tax NOUN , PUNCT I PRON could AUX hire VERB another DET worker NOUN . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 owner det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 3 owner compound 3 owner owner NOUN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 tax punct 6 " " PUNCT _ 8 tax punct 7 Lower low ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 tax amod 8 tax tax NOUN Number=Sing 4 says ccomp 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 hire punct 10 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 hire nsubj 11 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 hire aux 12 hire hire VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 says ccomp 13 another another DET PronType=Ind 14 worker det 14 worker worker NOUN Number=Sing 12 hire obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 12 hire punct 16 " " PUNCT _ 12 hire punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present a shop owner vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 hire in a quote could a shop owner = owner another worker vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent worker=Theme
Sentence 5: What's going on?
nsubj aux compound:prt punct root What PRON 's AUX going VERB on ADP ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 going nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 going aux 3 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 on on ADP _ 3 going compound:prt 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 going punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go on present · progressive vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Both have real reasons; people disagree about taxes
nsubj amod obj punct nsubj conj case obl root Both DET have VERB real ADJ reasons NOUN ; PUNCT people NOUN disagree VERB about ADP taxes NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Both both DET PronType=Tot 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 4 reasons amod 4 reasons reason NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 disagree punct 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur 7 disagree nsubj 7 disagree disagree VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 have conj 8 about about ADP _ 9 taxes case 9 taxes tax NOUN Number=Plur 7 disagree obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Both real reasons vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient 2 disagree present people about taxes vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about tax=Topic
Option 2 Neither is talking about tax at all
nsubj aux case obl case obl root Neither DET is AUX talking VERB about ADP tax NOUN at ADP all DET The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Neither neither DET PronType=Neg 3 talking nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 talking aux 3 talking talk VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 about about ADP _ 5 tax case 5 tax tax NOUN Number=Sing 3 talking obl 6 at at ADP _ 7 all case 7 all all DET PronType=Tot 3 talking obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 talk present · progressive Neither all about tax vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about tax=Topic
Option 3 The shop owner is right, and nobody really needs hospitals any more
det compound nsubj cop punct cc nsubj advmod advcl obj advmod advmod root The DET shop NOUN owner NOUN is AUX right ADJ , PUNCT and CCONJ nobody PRON really ADV needs VERB hospitals NOUN any ADV more ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 owner det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 3 owner compound 3 owner owner NOUN Number=Sing 5 right nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 right cop 5 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 needs punct 7 and and CCONJ _ 10 needs cc 8 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 10 needs nsubj 9 really really ADV _ 10 needs advmod 10 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 right advcl 11 hospitals hospital NOUN Number=Plur 10 needs obj 12 any any ADV _ 13 more advmod 13 more more ADV Degree=Cmp 10 needs advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the shop owner right property tree rules 2 need present nobody hospitals vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot hospital=Theme
Option 4 The granny is right and the shop owner is lying
det nsubj cop cc det compound nsubj aux conj root The DET granny NOUN is AUX right ADJ and CCONJ the DET shop NOUN owner NOUN is AUX lying VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 granny det 2 granny granny NOUN Number=Sing 4 right nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 right cop 4 right right ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 10 lying cc 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 owner det 7 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 8 owner compound 8 owner owner NOUN Number=Sing 10 lying nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 lying aux 10 lying lie VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 right conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the granny right property tree rules 2 lie present · progressive the shop owner vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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