Exam question 3 · Lending, sharing, charity and tipping

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the custom of tipping?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: custom

This is exam question 3 of lesson 39 «Lending, sharing, charity and tipping» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 custom	det
10	custom	custom	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 tipping	case
12	tipping	tipping	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 custom	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the custom of tipping				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is prohibited by law in the United States

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 prohibited	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 prohibited	aux:pass
3	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 law	case
5	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prohibited	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 States	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 States	det
8	United	United	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 States	amod
9	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 prohibited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	present · passive	law	It		the United States			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It varies between countries, being customary at a higher rate in the United States

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 varies	nsubj
2	varies	vary	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	between	between	ADP	_	4 countries	case
4	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 varies	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 customary	punct
6	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 customary	cop
7	customary	customary	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 countries	nmod
8	at	at	ADP	_	11 rate	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 rate	det
10	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 rate	amod
11	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 varies	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	15 States	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 States	det
14	United	United	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 States	amod
15	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 varies	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	vary	present	It			a higher rate		between countries; in the United States	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute PP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: agent=Patient at rate=Extent in state=Attribute
2	is a	gerund		customary					tree rules

Option 3

It constitutes a tax payable to the government

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 payable	det
4	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 payable	compound
5	payable	payable	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 government	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 government	det
8	government	government	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a tax payable				to the government	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme payable=Pivot

Option 4

It is uniform at ten per cent in every country of the world

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 uniform	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 uniform	cop
3	uniform	uniform	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	7 cent	case
5	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 cent	nummod
6	per	per	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cent	compound
7	cent	cent	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 uniform	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 country	case
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 country	det
10	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cent	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 world	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 world	det
13	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 country	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			ten per cent in every country of the world		uniform property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/39-lending-sharing-charity-and-tipping/e3/