Test 7 · Lending, sharing, charity and tipping

Kai sighs, "Last time, bruv, I'm skint too." ("Bruv" means mate; "skint" means broke.) What is he doing?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Kai, I, Bruv, skint · What happens: sigh, be, mean, break, do · To what, where: mate · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 of lesson 39 «Lending, sharing, charity and tipping» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Kai sighs, "Last time, bruv, I'm skint too."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kai	Kai	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 sighs	nsubj
2	sighs	sigh	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 time	punct
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 time	punct
5	Last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 time	amod
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sighs	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 bruv	punct
8	bruv	bruv	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 time	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 skint	punct
10	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	12 skint	nsubj
11	'm	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 skint	cop
12	skint	skint	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 sighs	parataxis
13	too	too	ADV	_	12 skint	advmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 sighs	punct
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 sighs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sigh	present	Kai				time		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	is in a quote	present	I					skint property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("Bruv" means mate; "skint" means broke.)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Bruv	punct
3	Bruv	Bruv	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 means	nsubj
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Bruv	punct
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 means	obj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 means	punct
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 skint	punct
9	skint	skint	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 means	nsubj
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	9 skint	punct
11	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 means	conj
12	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 means	ccomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
14	)	)	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	mean	present	Bruv	mate	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mate=Topic
2	mean	present	skint		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	break	past			vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Sentence 3: What is he doing?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 doing	obj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 doing	aux
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 doing	nsubj
4	doing	do	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 doing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present · progressive	bruv						vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

The options

Option 1

Asking his friend for a loan of his own to make it even

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Asking	ask	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 friend	nmod:poss
3	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Asking	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 loan	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 loan	det
6	loan	loan	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Asking	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 own	case
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 own	nmod:poss
9	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 loan	nmod
10	to	to	PART	_	11 make	mark
11	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Asking	advcl
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 make	obj
13	even	even	ADV	_	11 make	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	gerund			his friend			for a loan of friend's own	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent friend=Recipient
2	make	to-infinitive		loan					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Giving all his money to charity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giving	give	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 money	det:predet
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 money	nmod:poss
4	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Giving	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 charity	case
6	charity	charity	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Giving	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	gerund		his money	charity				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent money=Theme to charity=Recipient

Option 3

Starting a business with his friend

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Starting	start	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 business	det
3	business	business	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Starting	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 friend	case
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 friend	nmod:poss
6	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Starting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start	gerund		a business				with his friend	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.subeventuality»: agent=Agent business=Eventuality with friend=Subeventuality

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Setting a boundary: saying no to more lending

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Setting	set	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 boundary	det
3	boundary	boundary	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Setting	obj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 saying	punct
5	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Setting	conj
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 saying	obj
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 lending	case
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	9 lending	amod
9	lending	lending	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 saying	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	set	gerund		a boundary					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient boundary=Result
2	say speech: assert	gerund		no	more lending				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent no=Topic to lending=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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