Exam question 1 · Swaps and barter in the playground

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated "barter"?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: practice · What happens: follow, characteris, designate · To what, where: practice, barter

This is exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Swaps and barter in the playground» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 practice	det
10	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 practice	acl
12	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 barter	punct
13	barter	barter	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 designated	obj
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 barter	punct
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the practice	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	designate	participle	the practice not said here	barter		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barter=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The accumulation of coins within a receptacle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 accumulation	det
2	accumulation	accumulation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 coins	case
4	coins	coin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 accumulation	nmod
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 receptacle	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 receptacle	det
7	receptacle	receptacle	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 accumulation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accumulate			coins				within a receptacle	nom accumulation «process transitive»: of=patient within=obl

Option 2

The purchase of goods by means of a bank card

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 purchase	det
2	purchase	purchase	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 means	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 goods	case
4	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 purchase	nmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 means	case
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 card	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 card	det
9	bank	bank	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 card	compound
10	card	card	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 means	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	the purchase of goods					of a bank card	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	purchase			goods					nom purchase «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The lending of money subject to repayment with interest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 lending	det
2	lending	lending	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 subject	case
4	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 subject	compound
5	subject	subject	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lending	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 repayment	case
7	repayment	repayment	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 subject	nmod
8	with	with	ADP	_	9 interest	case
9	interest	interest	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 repayment	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The exchange of goods or services without recourse to money

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 exchange	det
2	exchange	exchange	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 goods	case
4	goods	goods	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 exchange	nmod
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 services	cc
6	services	service	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 goods	conj
7	without	without	ADP	_	8 recourse	case
8	recourse	recourse	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exchange	nmod
9	to	to	ADP	_	10 money	case
10	money	money	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exchange	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exchange			goods or services				without recourse; to money	nom exchange «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient without=obl to=obl

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/money/4-swaps-and-barter-in-the-playground/e1/