Exam question 4 · Swaps and barter in the playground

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning an exchange procured by means of a threat.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts, exchange · What happens: select, establish, concern, procure, mean · To what, where: response, exchange

This is exam question 4 of lesson 4 «Swaps and barter in the playground» of the money course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 exchange	det
11	exchange	exchange	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 means	nsubj
12	procured	procure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 exchange	acl
13	by	by	ADP	_	12 procured	obl
14	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 concerning	parataxis
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 threat	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 threat	det
17	threat	threat	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 means	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4	procure	participle		a exchange not said here		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	mean	present	a exchange		of a threat	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It constitutes barter of the most efficient kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	barter	barter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	8 kind	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 kind	det
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 efficient	advmod
7	efficient	efficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 kind	amod
8	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 barter	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	barter of the efficient kind					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme barter=Pivot
2	barter		the efficient kind						nom barter «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

It constitutes a gift on the part of the threatener

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 gift	det
4	gift	gift	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 part	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 part	det
7	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 threatener	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 threatener	det
10	threatener	threatener	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 part	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a gift		the part of the threatener			vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gift=Pivot

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It constitutes bullying and not a genuine exchange

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	bullying	bullying	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 exchange	cc
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 exchange	advmod
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 exchange	det
7	genuine	genuine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 exchange	amod
8	exchange	exchange	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bullying	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	bullying and a genuine exchange					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bullying=Pivot

Option 4

It constitutes a lawful and fair exchange

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 constitutes	nsubj
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 exchange	det
4	lawful	lawful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 exchange	amod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 fair	cc
6	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 lawful	conj
7	exchange	exchange	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 constitutes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	It	a lawful exchange					vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme exchange=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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