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Test 7 · ★★ · Saving up for a game

Ali's mate: "new version next month, so the old one'll be dirt cheap." ("Dirt cheap" means very cheap.) What's the trade-off?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: old one, Dirt cheap, trade off · What happens: be, mean · To what, where: dirt

This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 8 «Saving up for a game» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ali's mate: "new version next month, so the old one'll be dirt cheap."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ali	Ali	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 mate	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Ali	case
3	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	9 month	punct
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 version	punct
6	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 version	amod
7	version	version	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 month	compound
8	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 month	amod
9	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mate	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 dirt	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	17 dirt	advmod
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 one	det
13	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 one	amod
14	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 dirt	nsubj
15	'll	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 dirt	aux
16	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	17 dirt	cop
17	dirt	dirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 mate	conj
18	cheap	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 dirt	amod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 mate	punct
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 mate	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a in a quote	future	the old one	dirt					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("Dirt cheap" means very cheap.)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	6 means	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 cheap	punct
3	Dirt	dirt	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cheap	amod
4	cheap	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 means	nsubj
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 cheap	punct
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 cheap	advmod
8	cheap	cheap	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 means	xcomp
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 means	punct
10	)	)	PUNCT	_	6 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Dirt cheap					cheap property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Sentence 3: What's the trade-off?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 off	det
4	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 off	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 trade	punct
6	off	off	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the trade off						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The new one will cost less than the old one

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 one	det
2	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 one	amod
3	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cost	nsubj
4	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 cost	aux
5	cost	cost	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 cost	obj
7	than	than	ADP	_	10 one	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 one	det
9	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 one	amod
10	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 less	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cost	future	the new one	less					vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme less=Value

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Wait and pay less, or pay more now and play sooner

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wait	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 pay	cc
3	pay	pay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Wait	conj
4	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 pay	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 pay	punct
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 pay	cc
7	pay	pay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Wait	conj
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 pay	obj
9	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 pay	advmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 play	cc
11	play	play	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Wait	conj
12	sooner	soon	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 play	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	imperative	you not said here						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	pay	infinitive	you not said here					less property	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	pay	infinitive	you not said here	more			now		vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Asset
4	play	infinitive	you not said here					soon property	vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Waiting always costs more

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Waiting	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 costs	csubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	1 Waiting	advmod
3	costs	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 costs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	gerund						always property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	cost	present	Waiting	more					vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value

Option 4

There's no trade-off at all, because the old one is free

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 's	expl
2	's	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 off	det
4	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 off	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	6 off	punct
6	off	off	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 's	nsubj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 off	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 free	punct
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	15 free	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 one	det
12	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 one	amod
13	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 free	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 free	cop
15	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 's	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	no trade off at all			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	the old one					free property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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